Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/552

 638 HAYDEN HAYDN " Antnmnal Catarrh (Hay Fever) " (1872). Ac- cording to this author, there are two forms of annually recurring bronchial inflammation (catarrh) in the northern part of this country, affecting persons with a peculiar idiosyncrasy. The first is often called the rose cold or June cold, commencing in the latter part of May or early in June, and continuing into July. This corresponds to the affection known in England as hay asthma or hay fever. The other form is called by Dr. Wyman catarrkus autumnalis or autumnal catarrh. In this form the affec- tion begins generally in the third or fourth week of August, and ends in the latter part of September or in October. Dr. Wyman has collected facts which show that relief may be obtained by going to certain portions of the White Mountain region, to Mount Mansfield in Vermont, to the Adirondack mountains, or gen- erally to any point lying 800 ft. above the sea. Persons who suffer from the affection in the places in which they reside, may secure relief and exemption by various changes of residence, to be determined in each case by individual experience, inasmuch as the particular agencies are unknown. The treatment of the affection, when removal without the region in which the cause exists is not practicable, must consist of palliative measures. Iodide of potassium, and the salts of bromine, arsenic, and strych- nine, have been found useful. Prof. Helmholtz has discovered vibrio-like organisms in the na- sal secretions in this complaint, whose action is arrested by the local employment of quinine. HAYDEN, Ferdinand Vandeveer, an American geologist, born in Westfield, Mass., Sept. 7, 1829. He emigrated to Ohio at an early age, and graduated at Oberlin college in 1850. He af- terward studied medicine at the Albany medi- cal college, taking his degree in 1853. In the spring of that year he visited the " Bad Lands " of Dakota on White river in the interest of Prof. James Hall, explored one of the remark- able ancient deposits of extinct animals, and returned with a large and valuable collection of fossil vertebrates. He again ascended the Missouri river for the American fur company in the spring of 1854, and spent two years in exploring the upper Missouri, entirely at his own expense, returning in 1856 with another large collection of fossils, a part of which was deposited in the academy of sciences of St. Louis, and a part in that at Philadelphia. These collections attracted the attention of the officers of the Smithsonian institution, and he was appointed geologist on the staff of Lieut. G. K. Warren of the topographical engineers, who was then making a reconnoissance of the northwest, and continued on this duty till 1861, when he entered the army as a medical officer. In 1864 he was assistant medical in- spector of the department of Washington, and in the autumn of the same year chief medical officer of the army in the Shenandoah valley. In 1865 he was elected professor of geology and mineralogy in the university of Pennsyl- vania, and held that post till 1872, when he resigned on account of the increased labor in managing the survey. In the summer of 1866 he made another expedition to the upper Mis- souri in behalf of the academy of sciences of Philadelphia, bringing back another valuable collection of vertebrate fossils. The United States geological survey of the territories, un- der charge of Prof. Hayden, was commenced in the spring of 1867 with an appropriation of $5,000 ; continued in 1868 with $5,000, in 1869 with $10,000, in 1870 with $25,000, in 1871 with $40,000, in 1872 with $75,000 and $10,- 000 for engraving, and in 1873 with $75,000 and $20,000 for engraving. Seven annual re- ports of the survey have been published, and a final report on Nebraska, in octavo, besides 3 vols. 4to, with illustrations. Besides his re- ports, Dr. Hayden has written about 40 scien- tific papers, published in the "American Jour- nal of Science," in the proceedings of the academy of sciences of Philadelphia, and in the reports of the Smithsonian institution. He is a member of the national academy ot sci- ences, and of many other American and Eu- ropean societies. Dr. Hayden has occupied about 20 years in exploring the west, and has extended his investigations over much of Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Dakota, Monta- na, Idaho, Utah, and New Mexico. HAYDN, Joseph, a German composer, born at Kohrau, Lower Austria, March 31, 1732, died in Vienna, May 31, 1809. He was the eldest of the 20 children (by two mothers) of Matthias Haydn, a wheelwright. In his fifth year his musical talents attracted the notice of Frank, a school teacher of Haimburg, who advised the parents to give their son a musical education. When six years old he was sent to the school at Haimburg, where he learned reading, wri- ting, singing by note, and all the instruments then usual in orchestras which his strength would admit of his playing. He had come to Haimburg at a season of numerous religious processions, and the drummer had just died. Frank gave the child a lesson or two, and a few days after the people of the town laughed to see their processions led by a boy of six years beating a drum, which was mounted upon a humpbacked dwarf. His voice proved to be one of remarkable power, sweetness, and com- pass, and attracted the notice of the parish priest, who afterward recommended him to Reuter, chapelmaster of the cathedral of St. Stephen's in Vienna, as a choir boy. Reuter examined him, gave him a single lesson in the execution of the shake or trill, ordered him to practise singing the scale daily, and at eight years of age received him into the choir. The number of boys in the choir was six, for the support and instruction of each of whom Reuter received 700 florins (about $300), a sum amply sufficient in those days for their handsome sup- port, and to furnish them with the best teach- ers. In the case of Haydn, and doubtless of the others, a large proportion of the 700 florins