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 534: HAWK'S BILL HAWTHORN Trinity) college, Hartford. In 1831 he became rector of St. Stephen's church, New York, and at the close of the year of St. Thomas's church in the same city, where he officiated till 1843. Having been appointed by the general conven- tion of 1835 historiographer of the American Episcopal church, he went to England, and obtained numerous important papers relating to the early history of Episcopacy in America. In 1837 he founded, with Dr. 0. S. Henry, the " New York Review," of which he was for some time editor and a principal contributor. In 1839 he founded St. Thomas's hall, at Flushing, L. I., a school specially for the sons of the clergy, but through its failure became heavily involved in debt. In 1843 he removed to Mississippi, of which diocese he was elected bishop the same year. His consecration was opposed in the general convention of 1844, on account of charges connected with his financial embarrassments. His character was fully vin- dicated, and a vote of acquittal was passed, but he refused to accept the bishopric. At the end of 1844 he became rector of Christ church, New Orleans, where he remained five years, being meanwhile elected first president of the university of Louisiana. In 1849 he became rector of Calvary church, New York, his pe- cuniary embarrassments and those of the church having been relieved by a large sub- scription. In 1852 he was elected bishop of Rhode Island, but declined. At the outbreak of the civil war Dr. Hawks, whose sympathies were strongly with the south, resigned his charge, and in 1862 became rector of Christ church, Baltimore. In 1865, however, he re- turned to New York, where the chapel of the Holy Saviour was begun for him ; and his last public act was the laying of the corner stone in September, 1866. He was the author of "Reports of Cases adjudged in the Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1820-'26" (4 vols. 8vo, Raleigh, 1823-'8); "Digest of all the Cases decided and reported in North Caro- lina;" "Contributions to the Ecclesiastical History of the United States " (2 vols. 8vo, embracing Virginia and Maryland, New York, 1836-'41) ; " Commentary on the Constitution and Canons of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States" (8vo, 1841); "Egypt and its Monuments" (8vo, 1849); and "Au- ricular Confession in the Protestant Episcopal Church " (1 2mo, 1850). Dr. Hawks translated Rivero and Tschudi's "Antiquities of Peru" (1854), and edited "The Official and other State Papers of the late Maj. Gen. Alexander Hamilton" (8vo, 1842); "Narrative of Com- modore Perry's Expedition to the China Seas and Japan in 1852-'4" (8vo and 4to, 1856), compiled from Perry's original notes and jour- nal; the "Romance of Biography" (12 vols.); Appleton's " Cyclopaedia of Biography " (1856) ; and " History of North Carolina " (1857). HAWK'S BILL. See TURTLE. HAWKSMOOR, Nicholas, an English architect, born in 1666, died in 1736. He was a pupil of Sir Christopher Wren, after whose death he was surveyor of Westminster abbey, and de- signed many of the edifices erected in pur- suance of the statute of Queen Anne for build- ing 50 new churches. He is also said to have been associated with Sir John Vanbrugh in building Castle Howard and Blenheim. HAWRWOOD, Sir John (called by the Italians GIOVANNI ACUTO), an English military adven- turer in the 14th century. He fought for the Viscontis and for Gregory XL, and so daring were his ravages of the Florentine territory, that he was paid 130,000 golden florins as a ransom. In Naples he sided with Charles III. against Louis of Anjou. In the course of a campaign in the contest between Florence and the Viscontis, shortly before his death, Hawk- wood pitched his camp on a hill. Jacopo del Verme, another leader of condottieri, opened the dikes of the Adige, and surrounded the hill with water, sending at the same time a fox in a cage as a present to Acuto. His reply was : " Good ; but the fox does not look at all sad ; he will find his way out." He found a crossing place, and cut his way through his opponents. HAWLEY, Gideon, an American missionary, born in Stratford (now Bridgeport), Conn., Nov. 5, 1727, died in Marshpee, Mass., Oct. 3, 1807. He graduated at Yale college in 1749, and commenced his labors at Stockbridge in 1752, opening a school at that place, in which he in- structed a number of Mohawk, Oneida, and Tuscarora families. In 1754, under the patron- age of Sir William Johnson, he began a mission among the Iroquois, or Six Nations, on the Susquehanna river; but in 1756 he was obliged by the disturbances of the French war to leave that region, when he became a chaplain in the army marching against Crown Point. The campaign being over, he reengaged in his mis- sionary work at Marshpee, where he was in- stalled as pastor in 1758, and there passed the remainder of his life. HAWLEY, Joseph, an American revolutionist, born in Northampton, Mass., in 1724, died March 10, 1788. He graduated at Yale college, and practised law at Northampton. At the time of the disputes between Great Britain and America, he took a prominent part in advo- cating the cause of the colonies. "We must fight," he wrote to the delegates of Massachu- setts, "if we cannot otherwise rid ourselves of British taxation. The form of government enacted for us by the British parliament is evil against right, utterly intolerable to every man who has any idea or feeling of right or liberty." He was several times elected a member of the council, but declined, preferring to occupy a seat in the state legislature, of which from 1764 to 1776 he was an influential member. From a violent opposer of the ecclesiastical measures of Jonathan Edwards, whose removal from Northampton he had been active in effecting, he became his warm advocate, and in 1760 wrote a letter deploring his part in the affair. HAWTHORN. See THORN.