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 HlUSSER ing investigations were unavailing to detect the man. By order of the authorities the hoy was now removed to the residence of a magis- trate and attended by two policemen, but had only been there a few months when one day they heard the report of a firearm, and on en- tering the room whence it came they found Kaspar weltering in his blood. His explana- tion was that the wound had been inflicted by the accidental discharge of a pistol. Among the many strangers who became interested in Hauser's fate was Lord Stanhope, who went to Nuremberg in 1831. He removed him to mspach with a view of completing his educa- ion, and placed him in a law office there, vhere he displayed little ability. He also pro- dded Feuerbach, the jurist, and president of court of appeal, with the means of pushing il proceedings. After the death of i euer- jh, who had gained more insight into the e than any other person, and had publish- Kaspar Hauser, Beispiel eines Verhrechens Seelenlehen (Anspach, 1832), Stanhope was )ut taking his protege to England, when Caspar was stabbed in the side, Dec. 14, 1833. [e was able to reach his home, and to tell that ris murderer was a stranger, who professed to the bearer of some important revelations, whom he met by appointment in the palace len when the wound was inflicted, from rhich he died three days afterward. Persons len were not wanting who regarded Kaspar tuser as an impostor, and Merker published a rork entitled Kaspar Hauser nicht unwahr- inlich ein Betruger (Berlin, 1830); but Daumer defended him upon psychological and loral grounds. Strenuous efforts were vainly lade to discover the murderer. In 1859 Dau- 3r published at Frankfort EntMllungen uber Caspar Hauser ; and several other works on subject appeared at about the same time. In 1872 the interest in Hauser was revived by the publication of official documents (Au- thentische Mittheilungen uber Kaspar Hauser), by means of which Julius Meyer, a Bavarian jurist, endeavored to prove that he was an im- postor. Prof. Daumer published in reply an exhaustive work, Kaspar Hauser, sein Wesen, seine Unschuld, seine Erduldungen und sein Ursprung (Ratisbon, 1873), which makes it highly probable that he was the son of the grand duke Charles of Baden and his wife Stephanie, and that the countess of Hochberg and Major Hennehofer were the authors of the crime, which was designed to secure the succession in Baden to the children of the coun- tess jind the grand duke Charles Frederick. HAUSSER, Ludwig, a German historian, born at Cleeburg, Alsace, Oct. 26, 1818, died in Heidelberg, March 17, 1867. He went in 1835 to Heidelberg to study philology ; but through the influence of Schlosser he made also exten- sive historical researches, and in 1839 published Die deutschen Gcschichtschreiher vom Anfange des Franlcenreichs bis auf die Hohenstaufen. In 1848 he edited in conjunction with Gervi- HAUTBOY 515 nus, the Deutsche Zeitung, and was chosen a member of the chamber of Baden. In 1850 he accepted a professorship in Heidelberg, but continued to take an active share in politics, and in 1860 returned to the chamber, where he was a warm supporter of the liberal min- istry. Among his most important historical works are Deutsche Oeschichte vom Tode Fried- richs des Grossen his zur Grundung des Deut- schen Bundes (4 vols., Berlin, 1854-7), Ge- schichte der Franzosischen Revolution (1867), and Geschichte des Zeitalters der Reformation (1868 ; English translation by Mrs. R. Sterge, 1874). A complete edition of his works was commenced in Berlin in 1869. HAUSSMAM, Georges Eugene, baron, a French politician, born in Paris, March 27, 1809. He is a grandson of the revolutionist Nicolas Haussmann of Colmar (1761-1846). He stud- ied law, became an advocate at Paris, and was successively sub-prefect of Nerac (1833), St. Girons (1840), and Blaye (1842), and prefect of the departments of Var, Yonne, and Gi- ronde (1850-'52). In 1853 Napoleon III. ap- pointed him prefect of the department of the Seine, in which office he became celebrated by his extensive operations for the improvement and embellishment of Paris, one of the many new boulevards constructed under his adminis- tration bearing his name. The demolition of some old quarters of the metropolis drove many of the indigent working classes to the suburbs, where they subsequently became the most turbulent promoters of the commune ; while thousands, on the other hand, were saved from starvation by being employed on Haussmann's public works. The transforma- tion of the Bois de Boulogne into an English park, the prefecture, the new and massive barracks, admirable water works, the restora- tion of the H6tel-Dieu, the completion of the Louvre, and many other memorable works were due to Haussmann's enterprise ; but they involved an enormous expenditure, requiring repeated loans, and giving rise to much opposi- tion in the press and in the corps legislatif, and to charges of mismanagement, which were ex- posed in 1868 with great success in Jules Fer- ry's Comptes fantastiques d 1 Haussmann. The prefect succeeded nevertheless in contracting a new loan in 1869 for 260,000,000 francs ; but he was obliged to retire after the accession of the Ollivier administration (January, 1870). See Histoire generale de Paris, published un- der Haussmann's auspices (2 vols., 1866), and Parallels entre le marquis de Pomhal et le haron Haussmann, by Lon (1869). HAUTBOY (Fr. haut hois, high wood), or Oboe, a musical wind instrument of the reed species, slender at the upper end, but spread- ing out conically at the lower. Its compass extends from below the treble clef to G, the fourth line above the staff. It was formerly used chiefly in military music, but is now an indispensable appendage to the orchestra. It derives its name from its high, piercing sound.