Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/475

 HAREM harem and Circassian slave girls. The prin- cess wife of the khedive wore a green silk dress with lace, hat, gloves, boots, and fan, all from London or Paris, and her light brown hair was dressed in the latest Parisian style. The ladies of the harem, many of them dis- lying diamond solitaires of immense size, ifessed their partiality for European modes, all of them had ordered outfits from Lon- lon, with the request that they might be coun- [parts of the trousseau of the princess Louise. ?he princess mother said that " since the ladies the harem were allowed to see the Euro- opera and ballet at the theatre in Alex- idria, they have become quite disgusted with le native performances of their own country." she explained the condition of the slave wo- id when quite young, were provided with sbands and dowries, and were " very lucky." it the system as a domestic institution is imed up by Mr. Seward as follows: "The [ohammedan provision for woman is a prison which her sufferings from jealousy are con- led by the indulgence of her vanity. She is lowed the society of her own sex with far restraint than is ordinarily supposed, and displays before her visiting friends with ride the wealth and ornaments which light- - her chains." She goes abroad only in a riage, and under strict surveillance ; " she lever reads, and, so far as possible, is required jver to think." The harem, under various julations, is found in all eastern countries lere polygamy and concubinage are permit- or practised. While the Japanese gen- rally have but one wife, the princes and no- les keep as many concubines as they please, 3uring them in harems, but much less rigor- isly than is done in Mohammedan countries. Hiogo, in October, 1870, Mr. Seward saw a jy Japanese yacht on board of which was a limio surrounded by numerous retainers and bevy of highly painted and elegantly dressed rang women. The daimio was "giving his fern a picnic." In Siam the law allows but le wife, except to the king; concubinage, lowever, is limited only by the means of the Within the capital, Bangkok, stands iclosed in a double wall the city of the Tang Harm, or veiled women, which is fully Bribed by Mrs. Leonowens in "The Ro- mnce of the Harem" (Boston, 1873): "In lis city live none but women and children, fere the houses of the royal princesses, the rives, concubines, and relatives of the king, rith their numerous slaves and personal at- indants, form regular streets and avenues, 'ith small parks, artificial lakes, and groups of ine trees scattered over miniature lawns and itiful flower gardens. In the southern part >f this strange city the mechanical slaves of le wives, concubines, and princesses live, and ly their trades for the profit of their mistress- This woman's city has its own laws, and female judges, guards, police, prison keep- HARGRAVES 461 ers, executioners, merchants, brokers, teachers, and mechanics in every trade. No man can enter the city except the king and the priests, who may be admitted every morning under amazon guard. The slave women can go out to see their husbands, or on business for their mistresses ; the mistresses can never leave it, except by the covered passages to the palaces, temples, and gardens, until age and position have given them a certain degree of freedom. No fewer than 9,000 women, it is asserted, are thus secluded, and the Nang Harm presents the most extensive and rigorous instance of the harem system. HARFLEIR, a town of France, in the depart- ment of Seine-Infe"rieure, on the small river Lezarde, about 2 m. W. of the Seine, 4 m. N. E. of Havre, and 4 m. S. W. of Honfleur, with which it is occasionally confounded ; pop. in 1866, 1,966. It was once a bulwark against foreign invasion and an important port, but deposits brought down by the Lezarde have spoiled the harbor by forming a fringe of land, gradually increasing the distance to the mouth of the Seine. The vicissitudes of war, the re- vocation of the edict of Nantes, and especially the rise of Havre, gave a final blow to Har- fleur, and the fortifications have been demol- ished. It has one of the most renowned later Gothic churches of Normandy, with a famous belfry ; a modern chateau with a beautiful park ; and in the vicinity are delightful promenades. It continues also to have a considerable coast- ing trade, and possesses a number of manufac- tories. The fisheries are likewise prosperous. Henry V. of England captured Harfleur in 1415, expelling many of the inhabitants, whom he replaced with English settlers. The Eng- lish were driven from the town in 1433 by the neighboring people of the territory (pays) of Caux, but the English subsequently reoccupied it for a number of years, their domination final- ly terminating in 1450. Yauban designed a canal to connect Harfleur with Havre, which remains unfinished. HARFORD, a N. E. county of Maryland, bor- dering on Pennsylvania, bounded N. E. by the Susquehanna river, and S. E. by Chesapeake bay ; area, 480 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 22,605, of whom 4,855 were colored. The N. W. part is hilly, and contains limestone, granite, and iron. The surface near the bay is level. The soil is fertilized by the use of lime and guano. It is crossed by the Tide-Water canal and the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore rail- road. The chief productions in 1870 were 244,835 bushels of wheat, 659,789 of Indian corn, 303,164 of oats, 140,523 of potatoes, 209,- 140 Ibs. of tobacco, and 16,927 tons of hay. There were 4,247 horses, 5,718 milch cows, 7,558 other cattle, 5,612 sheep, and 11,676 swine ; 1 manufactory of drugs and chemi- cals, 1 of fertilizers, 1 of pig iron, 2 of lime, 2 saw mills, and 4 flour mills. Capital, Belair. HARGRAVES, Edmund Hammond, the discover- er of the gold fields of Australia, born at Gos-
 * they were brought from their native