Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/467

 HARDBACK of Amsterdam ; pop. about 5,500. It was for- merly one of the Hanse towns. It was taken by Charles V. in 1522, by the Dutch in 1572, and in 1672 occupied by the French, who burnt it on their departure in 1674. It is fortified toward the land, and is surrounded with pleasure gardens and arable and mea- dow land. The harbor was formerly used for fitting out vessels in the East India trade, but is now available only for fishing vessels. Seafaring, fishing, and herring smoking are the principal occupations. HARDBACK. See SPIE^A. HARDHEAD. See MENHADEN. HARDICANl TE, Hardacannte, Hardeeannte, or Hardiknnt, the last of the Danish dynasty of English kings, born about 1017, died in Lam- eth, June 8, 1042. He was the son of Canute ,e Great by Emma, daughter of Richard I., luke of Normandy, and widow of the deposed con king Ethelred II., and previous to the leath of his father was made viceroy of Den- rk. Upon the death of Canute he neglected assert his right to the throne of England, id allowed his half brother Harold to obtain Lercia and Northumbria, while Emma gov- jd "Wessex as the vicegerent of her son. ma was finally obliged to retire to Bruges, id Harold held the whole country under obe- ince, Hardicanute meanwhile remaining in 3nmark. Urged by his mother to dispossess e usurper, he was about to sail to England >r that purpose, when he was met by a depu- fcion of English nobles, who informed him of the death of Harold, and offered him the crown. He reigned from 1040 to 1042, and died of apoplexy, by which he had suddenly " een rendered speechless four days before at a larriage feast. He was a good-natured glut- en, was never married, and was succeeded by lis half brother Edward the Confessor. HARDIN, the name of six counties in the Fnited States. I. A S. E. county of Texas, >unded E. by Neches river, and watered by 'ine Island bayou and Big Sandy river, all ivigable streams; area, 1,832 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,460, of whom 242 were colored. Most the surface is timbered, only a small portion sing under cultivation. The chief productions 1870 were 26,385 bushels of Indian corn, 15,240 of sweet potatoes, 280 bales of cotton, 3 hogsheads of sugar, 5,235 gallons of molasses, md 5,320 Ibs. of rice. There were 492 horses, 1,246 milch cows, 4,592 other cattle, 600 sheep, 1 5,701 swine. Capital, Hardin. II. A S. county of Tennessee, bordering on Alabama id Mississippi, and intersected by the Ten- lessee river; area, 768 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, LI, 768, of whom 1,447 were colored. The irface slopes on either hand toward the river, finch is here navigable by steamboats. Iron ore and timber are abundant, and the soil is fertile in some parts. The chief productions in 1870 were 85,566 bushels of wheat, 484,721 of Indian corn, 15,151 of oats, 86,918 Ibs. of butter, and 2,026 bales of cotton. There were HARDING 453 1,993 horses, 870 mules and asses, 2,670 milch cows, 1,383 working oxen, 4,094 other cattle, 8,044 sheep, and 21,235 swine ; 5 tanneries, 5 currying establishments, 5 flour mills, 3 planing mills, and 8 saw mills. Capital, Savannah. III. A N. W. county of Kentucky, bounded N. E. by Salt river and Rolling fork, and watered by branches of Green river; area, about 500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 15,705, of whom 2,276 were colored. It has a hilly or undulating surface and a fertile soil. It is crossed by the Louis- ville and Nashville and the Elizabethtown and Paducah railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 138,463 bushels of wheat, 566,830 of Indian corn, 114,127 of oats, 284,178 Ibs. of tobacco, 30,149 of wool, 115,363 of butter, and 3,483 tons of hay. There were 4,693 horses, 3,108 milch cows, 4,547 other cattle, 14,758 sheep, and 35,853 swine ; 4 carriage factories, 8 flour mills, and 5 saw mills. Capital, Eliza- bethtown. IV. A N. W. county of Ohio, in- tersected by the Scioto river ; area, 476 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 18,714. The surface is nearly level, and most of the soil is excellent. It is traversed by the Cincinnati, Sandusky, and Cleveland, the Pittsburgh, Fort "Wayne, and Chicago, and the Cleveland, Columbus, Cin- cinnati, and Indianapolis railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 250,817 bushels of wheat, 270,909 of Indian corn, 147,562 of oats, 33,717 of potatoes, 140,021 Ibs. of wool, 277,668 of butter, and 20,665 tons of hay. There were 6,385 horses, 4,272 milch cows, 7,151 other cattle, 42,402 sheep, and 15,212 swine; 3 man- ufactories of boots and shoes, 6 of carriages, 3 of cooperage, 5 of furniture, 4 of saddlery and harness, 6 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 4 tanneries, 4 flour mills, 2 planing mills, and 35 saw mills. Capital, Kenton. V. A S. E. county of Illinois, separated from Kentucky by the Ohio river ; area, 260 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 5,024. It has a high, broken surface, with a fertile soil, and abounds in lead and iron ores. The chief productions in 1870 were 32,319 bushels of wheat, 172,651 of Indian corn, 26,- 991 of oats, and 105,707 of potatoes. There were 1,201 horses, 1,057 milch cows, 2,393 other cattle, 3,390 sheep, and 8,072 swine. Capital, Elizabethtown. VI. A central county of Iowa, intersected by Iowa river ; area, 576 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 13,684. It is well tim- bered, has excellent prairie land, and contains coal, red sandstone, and fine white limestone. The Dubuque and Sioux City railroad and the Central railroad of Iowa intersect it. The chief productions in 1870 were 496,347 bushels of wheat, 640,510 of Indian corn, 250,139 of oats, 45,077 of potatoes, 256,357 Ibs. of butter, and 18,185 tons of hay. There were 5,191 horses, 4,153 milch cows, 6,900 other cattle, 3,857 sheep, and 10,557 swine; 7 flour mills, and 1 woollen factory. Capital, Eldora. HARDING, Chester, an American portrait paint- er, born in Conway, Mass., Sept. 1, 1792, died in Boston, April 1, 1866. His family, who were poor, removed to Caledonia, N. Y., when