Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/442

 4:28 HAMMERSMITH HAMON schonen Redekumte Persiens (Tubingen, 1818) ; Geschichte des osmanischen JSeichs (10 vols., Pestli, 1827-'34) ; Geschichte der osmanischen Dichtkunst (4 vols., 1836-'8); Geschichte der Goldenen Horde im Kiptechalc (1840); and Literaturgeschichte der Ardber (7 vols. 4to, Vienna, 1850-'57). A posthumous autobiog- raphy, Denkwurdiglceiten aus meinem Leben, and others of his posthumous writings, were published in 1858. HAMMERSMITH, a village of Middlesex, Eng- land, on the Thames, 3 m. W. of London ; pop. in 1871, 24,520. It has a handsome suspension bridge, many elegant houses and villas, a gram- mar school endowed by Bishop Latimer, with an annual revenue of 800, several church- es and charitable institutions, and a Catholic school and nunnery established in the reign of Charles II. The vicinity is chiefly occupied by nurseries and market gardens, which sup- ply the metropolis with flowers and vegetables. HAMMOND, James Hamilton, an American statesman, born at Newberry, S. C., Nov. 15, 1807, died at Beach Island, S. C., Nov. 13, 1864. His father, Elisha Hammond, a native of Massachusetts, became in 1802 professor of languages in South Carolina college, and afterward president of that institution. The son graduated there in 1825, was admitted to the bar, and in 1830 became editor of the "Southern Times" at Columbia. He married a lady of large fortune, and devoted himself to agriculture and politics. He wrote much, made many public addresses in behalf of nullification, and took an active part in or- ganizing the military force which South Caro- lina raised in 1833 to resist the federal govern- ment. In 1835-'7 he was a member of con- gress/ and in 1842 governor of South Carolina. In 1844 he published a letter to the Free church of Glasgow, Scotland, on slavery in the Uni- ted States, and in 1845 two others in reply to an anti-slavery circular by Thomas Clarkson ; these with other essays on the same subject were collected in a volume, " The Pro-Slavery Argument " (Charleston, 1853). Besides essays on agriculture, manufactures, railroads, and finance, he published an elaborate review of the life, character, and public services of John C. Calhoun. In November, 1857, he was elect- ed to the senate of the United States to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of A. P. But- ler. In March, 1858, he made a speech in the senate in which he called the laboring classes "mudsills," a phrase which provoked much comment. In the same speech he said, " Cotton is king, and no power upon earth dares make war upon it." On the secession of South Carolina in December, 1860, he withdrew from the senate, but during the civil war ill health compelled him to remain quietly at home. HAMMOND, Samuel, an officer in the American revolution, born in Richmond co., Va., Sept. 21, 1757, died at Horse Creek, Ga., Sept. 11, 1842. In his boyhood he served in wars against the Indians. In 1775 he raised a com- and in 1779 he was at the battle of Stono Fer- ry, S. C. After the fall of Charleston he kept the field with a small cavalry force, pursuing an active partisan warfare. He distinguished himself in the actions at Cedar Springs, Mus- grove's Mill, Ramsay's Mills, King's Mountain, Blackstocks, Cowpens, Guilford Court House, and Eutaw, and participated in the siege of Augusta in 1781. He settled in Georgia, and in 1793 led a volunteer regiment agaiust the Creek Indians; in 1802 was elected to con- gress ; in f805 was appointed by Jefferson to the civil and military command of upper Lou- isiana; and in 1824 removed to South Caro- lina, where he became surveyor general of the state in 1827, and secretary of state in 1831. HAMMOND, William Alexander, an American physician, born at Annapolis, Md., Aug. 28, 1828. He graduated in the medical depart- ment of the New York university in 1848, and from 1849 to 1850 was an assistant surgeon in the army. In October, 1860, he was appointed professor of anatomy and physiology in the university of Maryland. He was reappointed assistant surgeon in the army, May 28, 1861, and was surgeon general from April, 1862, to August, 1864, when he was dismissed by sen- tence of a court martial. He then removed to New York, and is now (1874) professor of dis- eases of the mind and nervous system, and of clinical medicine, in the Bellevue hospital medical college, and physician-in-chief to the New York state hospital for diseases of the nervous system. He has published "A Trea- tise on Hygiene, with special reference to the Military Science" (8vo, Philadelphia, 1863); " Physiological Memoirs " (1863) ; Lectures on Venereal Diseases " (1864) ; " On Wakefulness, with an Introductory Chapter on Sleep" (1865); "Insanity in its Medico-Legal Rela- tions " <New York, 1866) ; " Sleep and its Derangements" (12mo, Philadelphia, 1869); " Physics and Physiology of Spiritualism " (12mo, New York, 1870); "Treatise on Dis- eases of the Nervous System" (1871); and "Insanity in its Relations to Crime" (1873). He has also edited " Medical and Surgical Es- says " (1864) ; and translated from the German Meyer's " Electricity in its Relations to Practi- cal Medicine " (1869 ; new ed., 1874). IIAMON, Jean Louis, a French painter, born at Plouha, May 5, 1821, died May 29, 1874. He escaped from a monastery in 1840 to study painting under Paul Delaroche. In 1848 he exhibited two paintings, "Over the Gate" and the "Tomb of Christ," at the museum of Mar- seilles. After 1849 he worked at the paint- ing of Sevres china, producing some specimens which gained him a medal at the world's fair in London in 1851. In 1852 he returned to oil painting, and exhibited his " Comedy of Hu- manity " and Ma sozur n'y est pas ; the latter was purchased by the government. He has since produced a number of pictures, several of them representing scenes in the East. Among