Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/44

 GLOUCESTER ,870 .er. 138,18. *****& 0382 swine; 3 manufactories of agricul- tural implement*, 2 of hoots and shoes, 10 of writ** 5 ofVoffins, 2 of glass ware, 2 of wind^Tglaw, 7 of saddlery and harness, 8 of ppf^id sheet-iron ware, 13 flour and 6 aw mills. Capital, Woodbury. II. A S.E. bay bounded N. by the Piankatank ami ^ W. by York river; area, 280 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 10,211, of whom 5,429 were colored. The surface is level and the soil light and pro- ductive. Among the most important exports are oysters and fish, the taking of which em- ploys large numbers of the inhabitants, and wood, which is sent to New York and Phila- delphia. The chief productions in 1870 were 21 966 bushels of wheat, 207,240 of Indian _T,,856of oats, 10,673 of Irish and 9,110 of sweet potatoes. There were 808 horses, 1,707 milch cows, 8,130 other cattle, and 8,274 There were 6 saw mills. Capital, (ih.iirester Court House. (.l.oi ( IM'KB, a N. E. county of New Bruns- wick, Canada, bounded N. by the bay of Oha- leurs, E. by the gulf of St. Lawrence, and drained by Nipisiguit and other rivers ; area, 1,684 B|. m.; pop. in 1871, 18,810, of whom 12,680 were of French, 8,695 of Irish, 1,215 of Scotch, and 982 of English origin. The e inland is diversified by hills, between w hi. h lie fertile valleys. The climate is favor- able for agriculture, while the great extent of coast, off which are several islands, and the number of good harbors, afford opportunities for fishing and lumbering. Ship building is actively carried on. Capital, Bathurst. GLOUCESTER, a city and port of entry of Es- sex co., Massachusetts, on the peninsula of Cape Ann, 80 m. N. N. E. of Boston, with which it is connected by a branch of the East- ern railroad. It formerly comprised the whole of Cape Ann, and was 8 m. long by 5 broad ; but in 1840 the N. E. portion of the peninsula was formed int.. the town of Rockport. The city contains six distinct villages, each having a pott office, viz. : East G loucester ; Annisquam, or Squara, on the N. side of the cape, which has a safe harbor much resorted to by fishing Teasels; Bay View and Lanesville, noted for their fine granite quarries; West Gloucester, formerly known as West Parish, which has a beach 2 or 3 m. long, of white sand, of titles an- exported; and last- llage, or "The Harbor," on the 8. Hide, which Ims one of the best ports on the coast, capacious, safe, easy of access, am I'th of water to admit tin largest vessels. The harbor is formed by : peninsula, known as Ma-tern point, juttm-, out from thw main body of Cape Ann in a S W direction, and opens into Massachusetts my ' On the extremity of the point is a fort mounting 10 guns. Gloucester was a place of mnortance prior to 1800. It increased slowly until 1850, since which its growth has been apid The population in 1790 was 4,912 ; in [800 5,318; in 1810, 5,901; in 1820, 6,384; n 1830, 7,513; in 1840, 6,350; in 1850, 7,780; n 1860, 10,904; in 1870, 15,389, of whom 4,007 were foreigners. The principal portion of the city, in the vicinity of the harbor, is handsomely and compactly built, and very beautifully situated, with extensive and pic- turesque sea views, and is a fashionable sum- mer resort for bathing and sea air. The city hall is an elegant brick building, erected in 1870 at a cost of $115,000, and two of the school houses are large and handsome struc- tures. Gloucester is mainly noted for its cod and mackerel fisheries, far surpassing any other >ort in the country in the number of vessels md men employed, and in the value of the catch. In 1865 the number of vessels engaged was 341, having an aggregate tonnage of 24,- 450, and employing 4,590 men; capital in- vested, $1,865,700; mackerel caught, 154,938 barrels, valued at $2,190,562; cod and other dry fish, 113,028 quintals, worth $706,425; value of cod-liver oil sold, $90,420. The value of all fishery products was $3,319,457. In 1878 the catch, with the value of each item, was as follows: codfish, 460,000 quintals, $2,070,000; other fish, 25,000 quintals, $50,- 000; fresh fish, including halibut, 9,000,000 Ibs., $310,000; oil, 275,000 gallons, $165,000; mackerel, 86,544 barrels, $1,125,000; her- ring, 5,000 barrels, $23,000; shell tish, 18,000 barrels, $18,000; miscellaneous, $40,000; to- tal value, $3,800,000. The number of vessels belonging to Gloucester engaged in fishing in 1873 was 875, with about 3,500 men, of whom but a small proportion are residents of the city. The business is attended with great risk, 236 vessels and 1,200 lives having been lost since 1880. The losses in 1873, the heaviest expe- rienced in any year, comprised 31 vessels and 174 lives. The customs district includes the adjoining towns of Essex, Manchester, and Rockport. The value of foreign commerce for the year ending June 30, 1873, was: ex- ports, $1,512; imports, $60,735. The number of vessels cleared was 127, of 13,365 tons; en- tered, 117, of 17,771 tons. In the coastwise trade the entrances were 131, with an auizre- gate tonnage of 9,807 ; clearances, 54, of 7,977 tons. On June 30, 1872, there were 524 ves- sels, of 27,537 tons, belonging to the district; engaged in the cod and mackerel fishery, 448, of -J-.M74 tons, of which 41, of 497 tons, were each less than 20 tons ; built during the year, 18 vessels of 823 tons. The tonnage of the district on June 30, 1873, was 28,565 ; num- ber of vessels (nearly all schooners), 517, of which 420 were employed in fishing, 90 in the coasting trade, 6 in foreign commerce, and 1 in yachting. A line of steamers from Glou-