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 HALL HALLAM 401 at once to the highest rank of British preach- ers. In Cambridge some of his principal pam- phlets were published, including " Christianity consistent with the Love of Freedom " (1791), " Apology for the Freedom of the Press " (1793), his far-famed sermon on. " Modern Infi- delity" (1800), "Reflections on War" (1802), and " Sentiments suitable to the Present Crisis " (1803). These publications were called forth by the French revolution. In 1804 he became temporarily insane, and was obliged to resign his charge at Cambridge. Upon his recovery he married, and in 1808 was settled at Leices- ter, and in 1826 was recalled to the church in Bristol, the scene of his early labors, where he remained until compelled by disease to relin- quish his post. No man in modern tunes has held a higher rank as a pulpit orator. For nearly all his life he was afflicted with a mys- terious disease, from which he suffered so in- tensely that for more than 20 years he was never able to pass an entire night in bed, and was often obliged in a single night to take 1,000 drops of laudanum. On examination after death it was found that the source of his suf- ferings was a rough-pointed calculus that en- tirely filled the right kidney. His physician said : " Probably no man ever went through more physical suffering than Mr. Hall ; he was a fine example of the triumph of the higher powers of mind, enabled by religion, over the infirmities of the body." His works, edited, with a memoir, by Olinthus Gregory, have been published in 6 vols. 8vo (London, 1831-'3 ; sev- eral times reprinted). HALL. I. Samuel Carter, an English author and editor, born at Topsham, Devonshire, in 1800. He studied law, and was called to the bar, but devoted himself to literature, was some time a parliamentary reporter, succeeded Campbell as editor of the "New Monthly Magazine," and, partly in conjunction with Ms wife, wrote and edited many annuals and other illustrated books. In 1839 he became editor of the "Art Journal." Apart from editorial labor, he has published accounts of the industrial exhibitions of London, 1851, and of Paris, 1867 ; "A Book of Memories of Great Men and Great Women of the Age" (London, 1870); and "The Trial of Sir Jas- per" (1873), a poem on the evils of intemper- ance, which had a great success, and of which a drawing-room edition, beautifully illustra- ted, was issued in 1874. II. Anna Maria Field- ing, wife of the preceding, born in Dublin in 1805. When about 15 years of age she went to London, and was soon after married to Mr. Hall, with whom she entered upon a long ca- reer of literary labor. The illustrated work on " Ireland " (3 vols., London, 1841-'3) is the best of their joint works, the larger share be- ing hers. She has also published many vol- umes of novels, tales, and sketches, among which are: "Sketches of Irish Character" (1829); "The Buccaneer" (1832); "Lights and Shadows of Irish Life" (1838); "Tales of the Irish Peasantry" (1840); "Marian" (1840); "Midsummer Eve" (1847); "Pil- grimages to English Shrines" (1850); and "Popular Tales and Sketches" (1856). Two of her dramas, " The French Refugee " and "The Groves of Blarney," have been success- ful on the stage. HALLAM. I. Henry, an English historian, born in Windsor hi 1777, died in Penshurst, Kent, Jan. 21, 1859. His father was dean of Bristol, and he was educated at Eton and at Oxford, and studied law, but did not practise. He en- gaged in literary pursuits in London, and his contributions to the " Edinburgh Review " soon brought him into notice and gave him a position among the best writers of the day. In 1818 he published his " View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages " (2 vols. 4to), in which he presented in a series of disserta- tions, remarkable for research and learning, a comprehensive survey of the chief subjects of interest in those times. His intention was to continue this work, which became at once a standard treatise, down to about the middle of the last century ; but finding that it would be a labor beyonft his strength, he satisfied himself with a continuation of the history of the Brit- ish constitution from the point where he left it in the eighth chapter, and in 1827 published " The Constitutional History of England from the Accession of Henry VII. to the Death of George II." (2 vols. 4to). This work possessed the characteristic merits of the first, patient re- search, accuracy of statement, impartiality, and liberal principles; but as it covered a period nearer our own times and touched the roots of existing controversies, it did not command the same general assent. It is now regarded as in the main an accurate deduction and a fair state- ment of the principles of the British constitu- tion. After another interval he published his last great work, the "Introduction to the Lit- erature of Europe in the 15th, 16th, and 17th Centuries " (4 vols. 8vo, 1837-'9). The preface contains a comprehensive survey of what had been done before his time in the same depart- ment, and establishes his claim to have led the way among English writers in a general survey of literary history. In 1848 he published a supplemental volume to his work on the mid- dle ages, in which he gave in a series of anno- tations the result of his studies during the 30 years that had elapsed since the original pub- lication. These works have passed through nu- merous editions, and have been translated into the principal languages of Europe. In 1852 he published a volume entitled " Literary Essays and Characters." II. Arthur Henry, son of the preceding, born in London, Feb. 1, 1811, died in Vienna, Sept. 15, 1833. He studied at Eton and at Trinity college, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1832, and in the same year en- tered the Inner Temple. In August, 1833, he accompanied his father to the continent, where he contracted a fatal illness. He left a number of poems and essays, which were collected by