Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/399

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era HAJE ,nd, the actor Neumann, she married Hai- zinger. She became known as a comic actress in Carlsruhe, and since 1844 in Vienna. HAJE* See ASP, and COBEA DE CAPELLO. HAKE, a name properly applied to fishes of the cod family, of the genus merlucius (Cuv.), and improperly in New England to gadoids of the genus phycis (Artedi). There is great con- fusion in the application of the names to the first genus ; the European merlucius, properly led hake, is styled the merlan or whiting in e Mediterranean ; our merlucius is also gen- Tally called whiting, but the true whiting is a merlangus,one of the species of which we name pollack ; the American hake, or phycis, is styled codling by De Kay, in order to avoid confusion. The European hake (merlucius vul- is, Cuv.) is generically distinguished from cod by having only two dorsal- fins, a sin- e long anal, and no barbule on the chin ; the .d is flattened, the body elongated, the first rsal short, the second dorsal and the anal g and deeply emarginated. The color on j back is ashy gray, and below dirty white, e wide mouth is provided with numerous ig, sharp, incurved teeth on both jaws, on e palate, and in the pharynx. It is abundant HAKLUYT 385 European Hake (Merlucius vulgaris). the ocean and in the Mediterranean, and on le coasts of Ireland and Cornwall in immense loals from -June to September during the mckerel and herring seasons; it grows to a mgth of 1 or 2 ft., is very voracious, and feeds incipally on the last mentioned fishes. Its sh is white and flaky, and is dried in north- countries like that of the cod; from its in- rior quality it is commonly called " poor Fohn;" the liver is a delicate dish, and was ighly esteemed by the ancients. The Ameri- m hake (M. aTbidus, De Kay), very generally called whiting in New England, and sometimes silver hake, is 1 or 2 ft. long; when alive, the upper parts of the body and sides are rusty brown with golden reflections, becoming lead- en after death ; silvery white beneath ; iris silvery ; dorsals and caudal rusty, pectorals and ventrals sooty, anal colorless, inside of the mouth purple, and lateral line lighter than the upper parts; the lower jaw is the longer, and the teeth are very long and sharp. It is found from New York northward, and is especially abundant in the British provinces; it is ex- ceedingly voracious, pursuing the smaller fishes, and is caught in great numbers in some seasons both in nets and by hooks; its flesh, when fresh, is sweet and wholesome, but it soon be- comes soft and tasteless. The American hakes of the genus phycis have an elongated body ; White Hake (Phycis Americanus). two dorsals, the first triangular with the third ray filamentous and prolonged, the second commencing just behind the first and extending nearly to the caudal ; the ventrals with a sin- gle ray at the base, afterward divided ; anal long and single ; chin with one barbule. The white or common hake (P. Americanm, Storer) grows to a length of from 1 to 3 ft., and when alive is reddish brown above, bronzed upon the sides, and beneath whitish with minute black dots ; upper edge of the dorsal black, as is the edge of the anal and end of the caudal ; fins also dotted with black; after death the back becomes grayish brown, and the abdo- men dirty white ; the head is very flat above, broad, strongly convex back of the eyes, with prominent rounded snout and large eyes ; up- per jaw the longer, and both well armed with rows of sharp incurved teeth ; teeth also on the vomer. It is found from the New Jersey coast northward, and is taken in large num- bers, chiefly on muddy bottoms, and generally at night or on cloudy days ; it feeds principally on small fish and crustaceans. It is an excel- lent fish for the table, fried or boiled ; it is also valuable when salted, and in this condition is largely exported from the British provinces under the name of ling. There is a small spe- cies (P. filamentosus, Storer), called squirrel hake by the Massachusetts fishermen, which rarely exceeds a length of 18 in. or a weight of 2^ Ibs. ; the head is longer in proportion, the body more slender, top of the head de- pressed in its whole extent, and the filamen- tous ray of the first dorsal considerably longer than in the preceding species; there are no spots upon the pure white of the lower parts. Other species are described in America, on the coast of Europe, and in the Mediterranean. The name hake is also erroneously given on the coast of New Jersey to the king fish, a sci- genoid of the genus umbrina (Cuv.), from its having a barbule on the chin. HAKLUYT, Richard, an English author, born about 1553, died Oct. 23, 1616. He was edu- cated at Westminster school and at Oxford