Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/359

 GUTZKOW GUY 345 BVH. C,

for taking impressions of the teeth and ms, and sometimes for a temporary filling for cavities. Baths and other articles for chemical laboratories, as funnels and tubing, may also be advantageously made of it. Many articles sold under the name of gutta percha are com- itions of caoutchouc with other substances. GUTZKOW, Karl Ferdinand, a German author, orn in Berlin, March 17, 1811. While study- ing theology and philosophy at the university, 1 e published in 1831 Forum der Journallitera- r. His next work was a novel, Maha Guru, hichte eines Gottes (1833). He became ciated as a journalist with W. Menzel at .ittgart, and published Novellen (2 vols., B4), and Soireen and Oeffentliche Charalctere 835). His drama Nero, his preface to Schlei- her's letters on Friedrich von Schlegel, his novel Watty, die Zweiflerin, all ap- ing in 1835, confirmed his reputation as head of " Young Germany." For the last ed work (which was reprinted in 1852 un- T the title Vergangene Tage) he was impris- for three months at Mannheim, his for- friend Menzel and other influential wri- s denouncing the tendency of his writings inimical to religion and society. While in >n he wrote Zur Philosophic der Geschichte 836), in opposition to Hegelianism, and next ent to Frankfort, where he was married. To .de the censorship, he published Die Zeit- n (2 vols., 1837, subsequently included his works under the title Sakularbilder) er the name of Bulwer ; and in order to oy greater literary freedom he removed to amburg in 1838. Here he wrote, besides " .ers, one of his most characteristic humor- s and satirical novels in the vein of Jean ul Richter, Blasedow und seine Sohne (3 Is., 1838-'9) and BornJs Leben (1840). Here also opened a new era in the German drama his tragedy Richard Savage (1840) and by ny other plays, including his most popular edies, Zopf und Schwerdt (1844) and Das r rbild des Tartufe (1847), and his most ad- red tragedy, Uriel Acosta (1847). He ed- ~ the Telegraph fur Deutschland till 1842, hen, after a visit to Paris, which he described his Brief e aus Paris (2 vols., 1842), he left burg to supervise at Frankfort a complete ition of his works (12 vols., 1845-'6). In 7 he succeeded Tieck as dramatist at the en theatre, and from 1852 to 1862 he ited at Frankfort the weekly journal Unter- n am hauslichen Herd. His fame as e foremost German novelist of his day was ,blished by Die Sitter vom Geiste (9 vols., 0-'52), Die Dialconissin (1855), Der Zaube- wn Rom (9 vols., 1859-'61), and Die Icleine r arrenwelt (3 vols., 1856). In 1862 he became ef secretary of the Schiller institution at eimar. In 1864 he made an attempt on his at Friedberg, near Giessen, in a fit of in- ky, from which he recovered after a time, d resumed his literary activity by the publi- ion of various works, including the novel Hohenschwangau (3 vols., 1868). After ta- king up his residence in Berlin in 1870 he published Lelensbilder (3 vols., 1870-'72) ; Die Sohne Pestalozzis (3 vols., 1870), the plot of which is connected with the story of Kaspar Hauser; and Fritz Ellrodt (3 vols., 1872). GUTZLAFF, Karl, a German missionary, born in Pyritz, Pomerania, July 8, 1803, died in Victoria, Hong Kong, Aug. 9, 1851. He was born of poor parents, and was apprenticed to a belt maker at Stettin. A sonnet which he addressed to the king of Prussia led to his being admitted as a student into the mission- ary institute at Berlin. His first appointment was from the Dutch missionary society at Rot- terdam, which sent him to Batavia in 1826. There he married a rich English lady, and during the two years that he remained in Java he mastered the Chinese language. He then determined to go on his own account to China. Happening in the summer of 1828 to fall in with an English missionary named Tomlin, stationed in Siam, he went with him to Bang- kok, where he stayed three years learning the Siamese language, and assisting Tomlin to translate the New Testament into that tongue. Proceeding thence to China, he fixed his resi- dence at Macao, where he cooperated with Morrison, Medhurst, and others, in their mis- sionary labors, he being now in communion with the Anglican church. In 1831-'3 he made extensive observations along the coasts of China, Siam, Corea, and the Loo Choo islands, first in the disguise of a Chinaman, and afterward as interpreter and surgeon on board the British ship Lord Amherst. On the death of Dr. Morrison, in 1834, Giitzlaff was invited to succeed him as interpreter to the British superintendency. The difficulties that had grown up between the Chinese and Brit- ish had obstructed the progress of the missions. The circulation of works in the Chinese charac- ter was forbidden, and the missionaries were compelled to remove their presses to Singapore. Afterward he was appointed secretary to the British plenipotentiary, and finally superinten- dent of trade, which office he held till his death. In 1844 he originated a society, os- tensibly Chinese, for the purpose of carrying Christianity into the interior through the me- dium of native agents, and in 1849 visited Europe in behalf of the project. Besides his translation of Biblical works into various Asiatic languages, he wrote in English, "History of the Chinese Empire " (London, 1834), " China Opened " (1838), a " Journal of three Voyages along the Coast of China " (1831-'3), and a "Life of Tao-Kuang" (1851); and in Chinese, " Pro and Contra." Among his German works are Allgemeine Lander- und VoUcerkunde (Ningpo, 1843), Geschichte des chinesischen Seiches (Stuttgart, 1847). GUT, Thomas, an English philanthropist, born at Horsleydown in 1643, died in London, Dec. 17, 1724. In 1660 he was apprenticed to a bookseller in London, and after his apprentice-