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 GUERRAZZI behalf of the so-called imperialistic de- mocracy, and as a strenuous opponent of ultra- montanism. With other deputies he was de- nounced in 1869 by M. de Kerv6guen for his alleged friendly attitude toward Prussia, but was vindicated by the assembly. Among his publications is Discours prononees au corps le- gislate/ (Paris, 1869). GUERRiZZI, Francesco Domenico, an Italian author and politician, born in Leghorn in 1805, died in Rome, Sept. 23, 1873. He was educated as a lawyer, and at the age of 22 brought himself into notice by writing La lattaglia di Benevento, a historical ro- mance (Florence, 1828). Being an ardent re- iblican, he took part in a conspiracy, and 1831 was thrown into prison, where he rrote DAssedio di Firenze and Isabella Or- (the latter translated into English by ngi Monti, New York, 1859). Upon his discharge he removed to Florence, where he a successful lawyer. Among his pub- itions while there were Veronica Cybo, rina, and I Nuom Tartufi, and a drama, Uanchi ed i Neri. He took a leading part the revolution of 1848, and was imprisoned a short time. He had no sooner recovered lis liberty than he placed himself in relation ith Mazzini, Gioberti, and other agitators, inded a republican journal at Florence, was losen a deputy to the national assembly of iscany, and appointed minister of the interior October, 1848. After the departure of the id duke from his capital in February, 1849, ruerrazzi became a member, and in March le chief of the provisional government, which ras overthrown in the following month. He ras arrested April 14, and removed in June to le state prison of Volterra, where he was de- till July, 1853, and wrote a defence of is political course, Apologia della vita politi- di F. D. Guerrazzi (Florence, 1851). After ial he was sentenced to perpetual banish- ient, and proceeded to Marseilles. Not being irmitted to reside there, he went to Bastia in sica, where he wrote Beatrice Cenci (Pisa, 1854 ; English translations by Monti and Mrs. Tatts Sherman, New York, 1858). His next
 * >lace of residence was in Piedmont, where he

>ublished UAsino, a satirical journal. As mem- ber of the parliament which assembled at Tu- rin, and afterward of the Italian parliament, he belonged to the extreme left. He also pub- lished Pasquale Paoli (2 vols., Milan, 1865). GUERRERO. I. A state of Mexico, bounded N. by the states of Michoacan, Mexico, and Pue- bla, E. by Oajaca, S. by the Pacific, and W. by Michoacan ; area, 24,226 sq. m. ; pop. in 1869, 241,860, mostly Indians. This state, formed in 1849 of three districts from Mexico, two from Puebla, and one from Michoacan, is one of the most picturesque in the republic. It has a very irregular surface, being traversed from E. to W. by the Cordillera of the Sierra Madre, which throws off numerous spurs, many ex- tending almost to the coast, especially in the GUERRERO 299 western half, where also the greatest altitude is attained, and some trending N. until they are lost in Michoacan, or confounded with the gradual descending' slope of the Mexican pla- teau. There are few valleys, and these of in- considerable extent. The chief river is the Rio de las Balsas, which rises in Tlascala, enters the state near the N. E. corner, and flows first W. and then S. W., and falls into the Pacific by two mouths, half way be- tween Acapulco and Manzanillo, forming the whole dividing line with the state of Micho- acan. It is not navigable except by small craft. Silver is the most important mineral, but of the numerous mines formerly in opera- tion, only 13 are now worked, partly owing to the inferior quality of the metal in the others, and partly to the want of capital. At- tention has within a few years been called to important gold mines at San Jos6 and Piedras Blancas. Cinnabar is abundant elsewhere, as are likewise lead, sulphur, saltpetre, and cop- peras; and anthracite is found in Chilpan- cingo. The climate varies from cold to ex- tremely hot, according to elevation. Inter- mittent and other fevers prevail in most localities ; goitre along the banks of the Bal- sas, and in the vicinity of the capital a species of leprosy. The soil is very fertile, and vege- tation, particularly arboreal, is rich and varied, and there are extensive virgin forests, pre- senting excellent timber and many species of precious woods. Maize and beans are the chief agricultural productions, the former yield- ing three large crops annually ; cotton, the sugar cane, coffee, cacao, yuca, and tobacco are also cultivated ; and cochineal and indigo are extensively produced. Agriculture is, however, little attended to save in the central portions of the state. The chief articles of export are cochineal, indigo, cacao, wool, and hides; the imports consist of cotton and silk fabrics, spices, and hardware. The foreign trade, once very important, is carried on through the port of Acapulco. Manufactures are limited to coarse cotton and woollen stuffs, rude agricultural implements, and household utensils. Many of the inhabitants are miners ; and on the coast numbers are engaged in pearl fishing. II. A city, capital of the state, for- merly called Tixtla or Tixtlan, in a narrow gorge between two mountains in the Sierra Madre, 152 m. S. by W. of Mexico; pop. in 1869, 6,501. Raised to the rank of a city upon the formation of the state in 1849, this place is as yet of little importance in any respect. The chief occupations of the people are coarse manufactures, mining, and agriculture. Not- withstanding its elevation, 5,000 ft. above the sea, its climate is hot ; intermittent fevers and goitre are common, and a species of leprosy called pinto prevails to an alarming extent among the lower classes. GUERRERO, Vicente, president of Mexico, born at Tixtla about 1770, executed at Cailapa, Feb. 14, 1831. He was a mulatto, and origi-