Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/309

 GUDIN wide, flattened head, with an obtuse snout, and the lower jaw the shorter; the swimming blad- der is large and double. The common gudgeon (G.fluviatilis, Guv.) is 7 or 8 in. long, greenish brown above and on the sides, white below, the pectorals, ventrals, and anal grayish white tinged with brown, and the dorsal and caudal pale brown, with darker spots. It occurs in shoals in the gravelly waters of Europe. The food consists of worms, aquatic insects and lar- vae, small mollusks, ova, and fry ; the eggs are i. ^m- GUELDER ROSE 295 Gudgeon (Gobio flnviatffls). between April and August, and the young w to a length of about 5 in. the first year. J; is much esteemed for its delicate flavor, and affords good sport to the angler ; it will bite at 1 times of day, but best in the morning and ening, and in cloudy weather ; the line must very fine, and the hook kept within an inch the bottom; the best bait is the common red dunghill worm. Five other species are de- ibed in Europe and Asia, and one from the iagara river (G. cataractce, Val.), about 5 in. ng; the color of this above is gray, plum- beous on the sides, silvery white below, and the fins gray. GFDIN, Jean intoine Theodore, a French paint- ', born in Paris, Aug. 15, 1802. He was a pu- pil of Girodet-Trioson, and from the outset of his career devoted himself mainly to sea pieces. Among his best productions are a view of "Mont St. Michel at High Tide ;" "A Steam- boat landing Passengers at Dover;" " A Gale, an. 7, 1831, in Algiers Harbor;" u La Salle discovering Louisiana;" "A Naval Battle in the Chesapeake;" and "A Shipwreck on the Coast of America." ' GCEBRES, or Ghebers (Turkish, GUaurs, Ghaurs, and Giaours, infidels), a name applied to those Persians who adhered to the ancient religion of Zoroaster after the great majority of the nation had been converted to Moham- medanism, and who are generally known by Eu- ropeans as fire worshippers. They call them- selves BeTi-Din, "those of excellent belief." The Arabs completed the conquest of Persia in the 7th century, and the great mass of the na- tion adopted the faith of the conquerors. Those who refused to do so were subjected to perse- cution. Some of them took refuge in the wil- derness of Khorasan, and others in Kohistan. The latter in the 9th century emigrated to In- dia and settled in the neighborhood of Surat. Their descendants still inhabit the same region, and are called Parsees. (See PAESEES.) The descendants of those who remained in Persia have gradually decreased in numbers and sunk into ignorance and poverty, though still pre- Guebre Priests. serving a reputation for honesty, chastity, in- dustry, and obedience to law, superior to that of the other Persians. They are estimated to number about 7,000. They reside chiefly in Yezd and the surrounding villages, but are found here and there over the whole of Persia. A celebrated temple of the Guebres is situated near the Russian town of Baku, on the Cas- pian sea. (See BAKU.) For an account of their religion, see ZENDAVESTA, and ZOROASTER. GUEBWILLER. See GEBWEILER. GUELDERLAND. See GELDERLAND. GUELDER ROSE, the name of a garden form of viburnum opulus, a shrub which in its wild state is common in the cooler parts of America, Europe, and Asia. It grows with an upright habit from 2 to 10 ft. high, has oppo- site three-lobed leaves, and each branch termi- nated by a broad cluster (cyme) of white flowers, the majority of which are small and perfect, while those upon the margin of the cluster have corollas many times larger than the others, and showy, but, having neither stamens nor pistil, are sterile; the perfect flowers are succeeded by a berry-like spherical fruit having one flat smooth stone ; it is bright red, very acid, and is sometimes cooked with sugar under the name of high or bush cran- berry. The wild shrub is worth cultivating, as its flowers are pleasing, its bright fruit showy, and its leaves in autumn turn to a dark crimson. In the guelder rose all the flowers of the cluster are like the marginal ones of the wild plant, and the cymes become spheri-