Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/253

 GREENVILLE blast furnaces, 3 tanneries, 1 currying estab- lishment, 2 lime kilns, 3 saw mills, and 1 rail- road repair shop. Capital, Greenupsburg. GREENVILLE. I. A S. E. county of Virginia, bordering on North Carolina, bounded N. by the Nottoway river, and watered by the Meher- rin river; area, 300 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,362, of whom 4,207 were colored. It is traversed by the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Poto- mac railroad, and the Gaston branch. The surface is level and the soil moderately fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 5,524 bush- els of wheat, 112,392 of Indian corn, 13,509 of oats, and 33,200 Ibs. of tobacco. Capital, Hicksford. II. A N. W. county of South Car- olina, bordering on North Carolina, and bound- ed W. by Saluda river ; area, about 800 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 22,262, of whom 7,141 were col- ored. The Blue Ridge touches the N. border, and the rest of the surface is pleasantly diversi- fied. The soil is generally fertile. The Green- ville and Columbia railroad terminates at the county seat, and the Atlanta and Richmond Air-Line railroad crosses the county. The chief productions in 1870 were 44,421 bushels of wheat, 355,526 of Indian corn, 23,698 of oats, 22,499 of sweet potatoes, and 1,864 bales of cotton. There were 1,556 horses, 1,184 mules and asses, 3,561 milch cows, 5,111 other cattle, 7,640 sheep, and 17,400 swine; 4 cotton mills, 2 tanneries, 2 currying establishments, and 1 paper mill. Capital, Greenville. GREENVILLE. I. A city and the capital of Greenville co., South Carolina, on Reedy river, an affluent of the Saluda, near its source, and on the Atlanta and Richmond Air-Line rail- road, at the terminus of the Greenville and Columbia line, 95 m. N. W. of Columbia; pop. in 1870, 2,757, of whom 1,375 were colored. Having an elevated and healthy situation at the foot of Saluda mountain, it is a favorite summer resort. It is the seat of several Bap- tist educational institutions. Furman univer- sity, organized in 1851, in 1873-'4 had 4 pro- fessors, more than 50 students, and a library Df 2,000 volumes. The Greenville high school, formerly in name and still practically the pre- paratory department of the university, had 4 nstructors and more than 100 pupils. Green- ville Baptist female college, organized in 1854, a ad 9 professors and instructors and about 100 students. The Southern Baptist theological seminary was organized in 1858, and in 1873-'4 lad 5 professors, 60 or 70 students, and a ibrary of 3,000 volumes. Greenville has six
 * hurches, a national bank, grain mills, a saw

nill, planing mills, a coach and wagon factory, i boot and shoe factory, a cotton factory, and -wo Aveekly newspapers. II. A town and -he capital of Greene co., Tennessee, on the 5ast Tennessee, Virginia, and Georgia railroad, 520 m. E. of Nashville, and 66 m. E. by N. of vnoxville; pop. in 1870, 1,039, of whom 253 vere colored. It is the seat of Greenville and fusculum college, organized in 1868 by the nion of Greenville and Tusculum colleges, 376 VOL. viii. 16 GREENWICH 239 founded respectively in 1794 and 1844. In 1872 it had 10 professors and instructors, 12 collegiate and 87 (21 female) preparatory stu- dents, and a library of 5,000 volumes. Green- ville has three weekly newspapers. GREEN VITRIOL. See COPPERAS. GREENWICH, a town and borough of Fairfield co., Connecticut, on Long Island sound, and on the New York and New Haven railroad, 30 m. N. E. of New York and 42 m. S. W. of New Haven ; pop. in 1870, 7,644. The town borders on the state of New York, forming the S. W. extremity of New England, and con- tains a savings bank, two hotels, 19 public schools, an academy, and 15 churches. The village is beautifully situated near the water, and contains the residences of many people doing business in New York. Putnam's hill, famous as the precipice down which Gen. Put- nam galloped in his perilous escape from the British in 1779, is in the S. W. part of the town. GREENWICH, a town and parliamentary bor- ough of Kent, England, on the right bank of the Thames, 5 m. S. E. of St. Paul's cathedral, London ; pop. of the town in 1871, 1 69,361. It stands mostly on low, marshy ground. There are numerous churches, chapels, schools, and charitable institutions. But the great objects of attraction are its hospital for seamen, and its observatory, whence longitude is reckoned by the British and often by other geographers. (See LONGITUDE.) The hospital, first opened in 1705, occupies the site of an ancient royal palace called Greenwich house, Placentia, or " The Pleasaunce," a favorite residence of sev- eral sovereigns, and the birthplace of Henry VIII., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth. It consists of quadrangular buildings, enclosing a square, each bearing the name of the sov- ereign in whose reign it was erected. The N. W. quadrangle contains the apartments of the governor and the libraries of the officers and pensioners. The N. E. quadrangle is in- habited by the officers and men. In the S. W. building is the painted hall, adorned with the portraits of British naval heroes and repre- sentations of naval victories. In the S. E. division is the chapel, the interior of which is richly decorated. Previous to 1865 the in- stitution generally supported about 2,700 in- pensioners, and from 5,000 to 6,000 out-pen- sioners. The in-pensioners were amply sup- plied with food, uniformly clothed, comfortably lodged, and allowed one shilling a week each for tobacco. The out-pensioners receive each an annual stipend which averages about 12. There is an infirmary connected with the hos- pital, and a school for the children of decayed non-commissioned officers, seamen, and ma- rines, which is attended by 800 scholars. The governorship of the hospital is usually held by some veteran naval commander. By an act of parliament passed in 1865 the in-pensioners were permitted to reside where they pleased, and were allowed two shillings a day besides their service pension. All but 200 or 300