Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/245

 (1KKKM1KAKT (JKKKNHOrSK works, water works, 10 public schools, inolu ling a high school, a young ladies' select school. town library of -1,000 volumes, and seven lurches, and has two weekly news] .'ho town was separate.! from iVortield ii MIKKMIKAHT, a tree belonging to the lily and of the genus /,,, /,;.-. .'.-./. Ho lo not agree as to the species, some ,'. A','.//,/, while others consider it A. !<-:;c,n;th>t. It is found in several of tho i'est India islands and in various parts of ith America, where it forms a large tree, . r >0 or (50 ft. high and *J or ;> ft. in diam the alternate polished leaves are from 1 !> in. long; the (lowers, in loose panicles, of a w heel shaped calyx, no petals, nine Ttile stamens, and a single pistil; the divi- lons of the calyx fall away, and its tube re lains as a small eup which supports the berry. ho hark has boon used as a substitute for inohona, and, under the name of bibiru or 'boom, has been somewhat employed in odieine. It contains an aetivo principle called U'beerine, which is not to ho confounded with borherino. Tho great value of the tree is in its timber, which is sent from homcrara to '.ngland, where from its hardness it is substi- itod in some cases for lignum vita; it is eon lered one of the most valuable timbers for hip building on account of its great strength durability. <,K1 IMIOISK, a name commonly applied to my glass structure in which plants are raised, nil bv professional gardeners restricted to ouses in which a comparatively cool tern >raturo is maintained. A cool greenhouse is intended simplv to protect tender plants luring tho winter season, and tho temperature nay boas low as ,">,">" or 10'; but plants are >t expected to grow in such a house. Where >wors are desired, the day temperature must at least tiO", with a minimum of -10" at night. Where a higher temperature than this kept up, the house is called a stove, and heated to VO" or SO" or more, according to 10 character of the plants it contains. A Miservatory is a greenhouse attaohod to a Iwelling, and is designed more for tho effective lisplay of plants than for raisin: 1 ; them. Houses for special cultures are graperies, ferneries, or hard houses, orchid houses, rmod by its being- placed against some other building, a t'enee or a wall erected for the pur- pose. Tho roof slopes at an angle of l"> from "10 back wall to the front, one, which is usually trovidod with a row of lights between the 'neb upon which the plants are placed and lie plate upon which the roof rost.s. The span-roofed house, being intended to receive light upon all sides, usually stands apart from other buildings; its roof is straight, or eurvi linear, and its height and other dimensions are governed by the kind of plants for which it is intended; houses of this kind are frequently made ornamental by moans of architectural embellishments. Largo houses are often built with a central dome and span rooted wings, and some are built with a half span, one por (ion of the roof being shorter than tho other. In commercial establishments, w hero the great est economy is studied and little regard is paid to appearances, tho houses are usually low span roofs. Sa>hes ('. ft. long are used for the roof; those moot ahoo on a central ridgepole, and rest below on a plate which has its upper surface hollowed to form a water conductor. An excavation is made deep enough to allow head room beneath tho glass, and walled up with briek to a foot or t o aboo the surface of the ground. Such houses are about 11 ft wide, with a bench -1 t't. wide upon each side and a central path of ;> t't. This brings the plants upon the benches near to the glass, the position most faorab!o to growth, and gives sullioiont room to work in; as the plants are dod to b required than in houses for other purposes. Heating was formerly accomplished entirely bv means of tines rnnnin."; the whole lon.";th of the house, erossinj;; the end, and returning upon tho other side, the fnrnaeo being- in a pit and accessible from the outside. This method of heating is sometimes still employed, as tho ontlav is loss than in any other plan. Tho tine is sometimes built of briek its whole length, or is of brick for a few feet nearest tho furnace, while the remainder is of pipes of earthenware or cement. The disadvantages of lines are the danger from leaks which may allow injurious gases to escape, and the ditliculty of heating- all parts of tho house equally. On these ae counts heating by means of hot water is pro ferred. There are numerous styles of groon- houso boilers, but they are all built upon the. same principle, viz.: a reservoir of water with a pipe beginning near its upper portion, run ning tho whole length of tho house, and re turning to the boiler, which it enters near its lower part. ^ hen a tire is lighted un- der the boiler, tho water immediately begins to circulate, the lighter warm water passing out by the upper outlet, through the pipe, and returning to it through the inlet. In its passage through the pipes it gives ,>!!' its heat by radiation, and with a well constructed apparatus tho heat will be evenly distributed. At tho end of the house furthest from the boiler is the expansion tank, an upright iron eyTmdor of somowhat larger diameter than tho heating pipes; tho llow and return pipe are both connected w ilh this, which is open at the top or loosolv covered; this prevents the e pansion of tho water when heated from exert iii:'. any pressure upon the pipe's, and allows the air liberated from the water to escape, as well as any steam that may be formed when the apparatus is working- to its fullest capacity. There is much ditlerenco in the internal con st ruction of the boilers, each inventor striving 1