Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/191

 GREAT FALLS GREAT SALT LAKE 183 the French applied the term Bretagne Jritain) to Armorica, and to distinguish the itinental from the insular Britain, called the ler "Little Britain" and the latter "Great itain." The term Great Britain was little by the islanders themselves until the ac- sion of James I. to the crown of England in 1603 united the whole of the island under one >vereign. By the legislative union between igland and Scotland in 1707 Great Britain same the legal name of the kingdom. The land comprises England, Wales, and Scotland. jotland is frequently termed North Britain. le official style of the empire is " The United [ingdom of Great Britain and Ireland," but in current language the term Great Britain in- ludes politically the British and Irish king- is, and is the common designation of the Thole imperial power. (See BRITISH EMPIRE, " D, SCOTLAND, and WALES.) GREAT FALLS. See SOMEKSWORTH. GREAT GRIMSBY, a parliamentary and mu- nicipal borough and seaport of Lincolnshire, England, on the right bank of the Humber, 30 m. N. E. of Lincoln ; pop. in 1871, 20,238. The town consists of two portions : the older is at the head of the harbor, and the newer, called the Marsh, extends along the east side of the harbor. It has free grammar schools, a national school, a mechanics' institute, and a new town hall. There is a large trade in fish, timber, coal, and salt. GREAT KANAWHA RIVER, a large stream of North Carolina and the Virginias, called in the upper part of its course New river. It rises in the N. W. part of the former state, between the Blue Ridge and Iron mountain, and flows N. E. to the N. part of Grayson co., Va., where it passes through a defile in the Iron mountain, and, bending toward the N. W., breaks through Walker's, Peter's, and Green- brier ridges of the Alleghanies. After re- ceiving Gauley river in Fayette co., W. Va., it takes the name of Great Kanawha, passes through the coal and salt region, and joins the Ohio at Point Pleasant, Mason co., W. Va. Its length is about 400 in. ; its width 66 m. above its mouth is 450 ft., and at the junction of Gauley river, 100 m. above its mouth, 1,500 ft. It is navigable at all seasons to a point about 2 m. below the Gauley, where the river has a picturesque perpendicular fall of 50 ft. Its principal affluents are the Greenbrier, Gauley, and Elk on the north, and Coal river on the south. The principal towns on its banks are Pearisburg, Va., and Fayetteville, Charleston, and Point Pleasant, W. Va. GREAT MAULOW, a town of Buckingham- shire, England, on the Thames, 11 m. N. E. of Reading; pop. in 1871, 6,619. It has a fine church, manufactories of paper and lace, and a considerable trade in lumber, coal, and corn. GREATOREX, Eliza, an American artist, born at Manor Hamilton, Connaught, Ireland, Dec. 25, 1820. She is the daughter of the Rev. J. C. Pratt, a Wesleyan minister. When 19 years old she came to the United States, and married Henry W. Greatorex, the son of the organist of Westminster abbey. From 1854 to 1856 she studied landscape painting with W. W. Wither- spoon of New York, and then visited England and Ireland, making drawings of lake scenery. In 1862 she studied under Edouard Lambinet in Paris, and afterward sketched along the Rhine. She went again to Europe in 1866, and made pen-and-ink drawings in England, Holland, Germany, Italy, and Paris. In 1868-'9 she made pen-and-ink drawings of the old build- ings in and around New York. In 1870 she returned to Europe and studied landscape and architectural drawing in Munich, where she published in 1872 " The Homes of Oberammer- gau" (New York, 1873), a series of 20 etchings from pen-and-ink sketches, with notes from her diary. In 1873 she published " Summer Etch- ings in Colorado," with 21 illustrations, and an album of " Etchings in Nuremberg." Her best known oil paintings are a " View on the Housatonic" (1863), "The Forge" (1864), and " Somerindyke House " (1869). GREATRAKES, Valentine, an Irish quack, born at Affane, county Waterford, Feb. 14, 1628, died in Dublin, probably about 1700. He was educated at Trinity college, Dublin, and on the outbreak of the rebellion went to England, where he devoted some time to the study of the classics and divinity. He served in the parliamentary army from 1649 to 1656, when he returned to Ireland and was made a justice of the peace in county Cork, and held other offices which were taken from him at the resto- ration. Soon afterward he claimed the power to cure the king's evil and all other diseases by the touch ; and in 1665 he went to London, where the king invited him to Whitehall, and where he is alleged to have performed many cures, which were attested by Robert Boyle, Sir John Godolphin, and many other eminent persons. Dr. Henry Stubbe published a pam- phlet in praise of Greatrakes' s skill, under the title "The Miraculist Conformist" (Oxford, 1666). Greatrakes having failed in one in- stance to effect a cure, David Lloyd published a pamphlet entitled " Wonders no Miracles " (London, 1666), in which he denounced him as a cheat. To this Greatrakes replied in a letter addressed to Boyle, entitled "Account of Val. Greatrakes and divers of his strange Cures." In 1667 he returned to Ireland. GREAT SALT LAKE, an extensive sheet of water in Utah, lying in the Great Basin, be- tween lat. 40 40' and 41 45' N., and Ion. 111 50' and 113 10' W. Its outline is somewhat irregular. There are several islands, of which the principal are Church or Antelope island in the southeast, and Stansbury island in the southwest. The lake is 75 m. long from N. W. to S. E. and about 30 m. broad. Its surface is 4,200 ft. above the level of the sea. It has no outlet. The water is shallow, the depth in many extensive parts being not more than 2 or 3 ft. Utah lake, a body of fresh water