Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/157

 GRANADA GRANDEE 149 ed that in the rainy season they are almost im- passable. Granada was founded by the Moors in the 10th century, and from 1238 was the version in 1492, when it was taken by Fer- dinand and Isabella after a protracted siege. It prospered for another century, but when capital of the kingdom of Granada till its sub- the Moors, who composed the greater part of Granada. population, were finally expelled from Spain 1609, it received a blow from which it has 7er recovered. At the height of its splen- dor it is said to have contained as many as 500,000 inhabitants. GRANADA, New. See COLOMBIA. GRANADILLA (Span., diminutive of granada, pomegranate), the Spanish-American name )r the edible fruit of several species of passi- ra, especially that of P. quadrangularis. le genus passiflora, which will be described ler PASSION FLOWER, is well known for the beauty of the flowers of many species rb.ich are common greenhouse climbers. Oth- ^ edible-fruited species are P. edulis, P. lau- ifolia (the water lemon), P. maliformis (the jweet calabash), and P. incarnata, the may- )p of the southern states. P. quadrangu- iris is a native of the West Indies, where its rait is esteemed for the dessert. In French rorks upon horticulture it is placed among 'ie exotic fruits to be grown under glass, and aadillas thus produced are sometimes seen the markets of Paris and London. In our mouses the plant is often seen in flower, >ut rarely in fruit, as gardeners do not seem to be aware that the flowers require to be arti- ^cially fertilized with their own pollen or that " some other species, else the fruit will not 3t. The fruit is 6 or 8 in. in diameter, of a mulberry color, and with an odor something like the pineapple or strawberry. The purple pulp, which encloses numerous seeds, is sub- acid, and is usually eaten with wine and sugar. In contrast with the fruit, the root of this spe- cies is powerfully narcotic and emetic. GRANBY, John Manners, commonly called mar- quis of, an English general, born Jan. 2, 1721, died in Scarborough, Oct. 19, 1770. He was the eldest son of the third duke of Rutland, was educated at Eton and Cambridge, and during the rebellion of 1745 raised a regiment of foot at his own expense. In 1759 he was sent to Germany as second in command, under Lord George Sackville, of the troops destined to co- operate with Prussia. Lord George having re- signed, Granby succeeded to the chief com- mand of the British, and served with distinction during the remainder of the seven years' war. In 1760, while still in the field, he was appoint- ed a member of the privy council. In 1763 he became master general of the ordnance, and in 1766 commander-in-chief of the forces. He also served several terms in parliament. He was exceedingly popular, but his military quali- ties appear to have been greatly overrated. GRAND, the N. W. county of Colorado. See SUMMIT. GRANDEE (Span, grande de Etpafta), the highest rank of Spanish nobility. The gran- dees of Spain were the great nobles descended from the ancient chief feudatories of the crown, and from members of the royal family. They had the right to levy soldiers under their own banner, were free from taxes, and could not be subjected to the jurisdiction of any civil or criminal court without the express command of the king. They also claimed the right to make war upon the king without incurring the guilt of treason. As the power of the mon- arch increased, the privileges of the grandees were restricted, till little was left but the right