Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/853

 GLANDERS have his symptoms much aggravated ; while if cold is the cause, the symptoms will be im- proved, although the horse may be weakened. The enlargement of a submaxillary gland and its adhesion to the bone is usual. If the disease is glanders, the discharge increases, and becomes foul and offensive, -and it is said peculiar. This is the second stage. In the third stage the nasal membrane attains a dull leaden color, the lips and eyelids swell, parts of the face may become gangrenous, and the animal may die in a few days with a putrid fever, or he may die more slowly, the disease spreading to the lungs and other parts of the body, producing un- healthy abscesses, emaciation, and hectic. Ac- cording to Youatt, the distinctive symptoms are the continuous discharge and the adherence of the enlarged submaxillary gland. Some- times the disease may last for years, if the ani- mal is well fed and cared for. The form known as farcy is also not generally so rapidly fatal, and may sometimes be arrested and prevented from passing into glanders. The treatment in both forms consists in good feeding, tonics, dis- infectants, and detergent washes and applica- tions, particularly carbolic acid and creosote. The administration of iodine is generally bene- ficial in chronic cases. When the disease is communicated to man, it is usually considered fatal. A small portion of the diseased matter from the nostril of the horse is sufficient to communicate it if it falls upon the mucous membrane, or upon an abraded surface of the skin. The disease may appear as either glanders or farcy, and either may be acute or chronic. Acute glanders begins with the symptoms of putrid poisoning, such as lowness of spirits, wandering pains, fever, furred tongue, great thirst, profuse nocturnal perspiration, great pain in the head, back, and limbs, and tightness of the chest. In a f*w days the symptoms in- crease in severity, with rigors and del'rium; the perspiration becomes sour and offensive, and diarrhoea sets in. Diffused abscesses ap- pear, commencing in red swellings, about the joints, especially the knees and elbows. The tongue becomes dry and brown, the throat ul- cerated, attended by a low malignant fever. In 10 or 12 days from the commencement a dusky shining swelling appears on the face, extending over the scalp and closing the eyes. An offensive yellowish discharge, streaked with blood, flows from the nostrils, and a crop of hard pustules about the size of a pea ap- pears on the face, and spreads over the neck and body ; fresh abscesses form and suppurate, accompanied with delirium and tremors, and death ensues. The chronic form proceeds more slowly, attended with discharge from the nos- trils, swelling of the nose and eyes, and emaci- ation, with profuse perspiration and abscesses near the joints. The distinctions between acute and chronic farcy are not very clear, although in the former the lymphatics leading from the point receiving the contagion become violent- ly inflamed the sooner. The treatment of the GLARUS 837 human subject should be conducted upon the same general principles as that of the horse GLANV1L, or Glanville, Raoulf de, chief justi- ciary of England in the reign of Henry II., died in 1190. He was of Norman descent, signal- ized his valor under Henry II. in repelling the invasion of England by William of Scotland, accompanied Richard I. on the crusade, and perished at the siege of Acre. To him is as- cribed the Tractatus de Legibus Consuetudinu Eegni Anglice, Tempo-re Regis Henrici Secundi, first published in London in 1554. Some of the manuscripts say only that it was written in his time, without ascribing it to him. The best edition is that by John Wilmot (1780); English translation by John Beanies (1812). GLANVILL, Joseph, an English divine and phi- losopher, born in Plymouth in 1636, died in Bath, Nov. 4, 1680. He was educated at Ox- ford, became a priest, and was made rector of the abbey church, Bath, in 1666. He became chaplain in ordinary to the king, and in 1678 was appointed a prebendary of Worcester ca- thedral. He is distinguished as an opponent of Aristotelianism, as a believer in witchcraft, and as the first writer in England who presented philosophical skepticism in a systematic form. His first work, entitled " The Vanity of Dogma- tizing," was published in London in 1661, and an enlarged edition of it appeared in 1665, under the title of " Scepsis Scientifica, or Con- fessed Ignorance the Way to Science," with a dedication to the newly founded royal society, which body at once elected him a fellow. He made another attack on the ancient philosophy in his "Plus Ultra, or the Progress and Ad- vancement of Knowledge since the Days of Aristotle " (1668), in whidi he exalted Bacon and Boyle and the inductive method. Not- withstanding his skepticism, he believed in sor- cery and witchcraft, and wrote "Philosophical Considerations concerning the Existence of Sorcerers and Sorcery" (1666), the convictions expressed in which are repeated in his Sad- ducismus Triumphans, published posthumously (1681), with an account of his life and writings by Dr. Henry More. Among his other works are Lux Orientalis (1662), in which he treats of the preexistence of souls, following the views of Henry More; "Essays on several Important Subjects in Philosophy and Reli- gion" (1676); "Essay OH Preaching" (1678); and sermons edited by Dr. Horneck (1681). GLARUS) or Claris. I. One of the smallest of the Swiss cantons, bounded N. and E. by St. Gall, S. by Grisons, and W. by Uri and Sch wytz ; area, 267 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 35,150, of whom 28,238 were Protestants and 6,888 Roman Catholics. Mountain chains occupy almost its entire surface ; the principal one extends from the Hausstock to the Scheibe, and has an aver- age height of 8,000 ft., but there are many sep- arate peaks of much greater elevation. The Dodi or Todi, nearly 12,000 ft. high, in the S. W. corner, is the loftiest mountain in eastern Switzerland. The principal valley, the Lin-