Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/829

 GILOLO 27 were colored. It has a rough surface, much of which is thickly wooded, and a rich soil, suitable for grain and pasturage. There are several salt springs and iron mines. The chief productions in 1870 were 9,830 bushels of wheat, 106,036 of Indian corn, 17,592 of oats, 44,929 Ibs. of butter, and 1,636 tons of hay. There were 1,114 horses, 1,295 milch cows, 1,697 other cattle, 6,100 sheep, and 3,907 swine. Capital, Glenville. II. A N. county of Georgia, drained by Coosawattee and other rivers; area, about 500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,644, of whom 117 were colored. Several spurs of the Blue Ridge, abounding in beautiful scenery, and alternating with fertile valleys, traverse parts of the county. The mineral products, comprising gold, marble, and iron, are valuable and abundant. The chief productions in 1870 were 8,103 bushels of wheat, 10,417 of rye, 169,099 of Indian corn, 12,333 of oats, 13,546 of sweet potatoes, and 67,128 Ibs. of butter. There were 764 horses, 1,922 milch cows, 3,369 other cattle, 6,461 sheep, and 10,701 swine. Capital, Ellijay. GILOLO, or Halmahera, an island of the Indian archipelago, in the Molucca group, between Celebes and New Guinea, separated from the former by the Molucca passage and from the latter by Gilolo strait ; area, about 5,780 sq. m. ; pop. estimated at 27,000. It is crossed by the equator, and lies between lat. 2 30' N. and 1 S., and Ion. 127 and 129 E. The outline somewhat resembles that of Celebes. The isl- and consists of four peninsulas radiating from a centre situated in about lat. 40' N. Of these peninsulas two trend N. and S. respectively, along or near the 128th meridian ; one extends toward the N. E. ; and the fourth stretches to the S. E., terminating in Cape Tabo, the most easterly point of the island. The length of Gilolo is nearly 250 m. The range of smaller islands to which the name Moluccas was origi- nally applied, including Ternate, Tidore, Morty, Makian, and Batchian, skirts the southerly part of the W. coast. Gilolo is of volcanic forma- tion. From the sea coast, which is itself de- scribed as in many parts mountainous, lofty mountains are visible in the interior, some of which are said to be volcanoes. According to Wallace, the surface seems to have under- gone changes of elevation within a recent period ; and the upheaval of a mountain at Gamakonora in the northern peninsula is re- ported to have occurred in 1673. Fringes of coral reef interfere with navigation along many portions of the coast. The inland regions are but very slightly known ; they appear to con- sist largely of elevated tracts of forest. The clove tree is indigenous to the island. About four fifths of the inhabitants are ruled by the sultan of Ternate, whose residence was for- merly at the town of Gilolo, on the W. coast of the northern peninsula. The Malay element predominates, but the active and energetic in- habitants of the northern peninsula belong to an indigenous race called Alfuros, differing GIN 813 both from the Malays and the Papuans, yet possessing some of the characteristics of each. The government of the Netherlands maintains an insignificant military station at Dodingo, a village opposite Ternate. The principal pro- ducts of Gilolo are sage, spices, tortoise shell, and tropical fruits. GILP11V, a N. central county of Colorado, lying chiefly in the foot hills; area, about 150 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 5,490. The average altitude of the county is about 9,000 ft., but the climate is mild. The surface is broken by mountain ranges. ^ The valleys, watered by small streams, are_ fertile. It is one of the richest gold-mining regions in the world, and contains more than 90 quartz mills. In 1870 it produced bullion to the value of about $2,000,000. There are 9 hotels, 6 churches, 5 schools, 2 founderies, 2 smelting works, 1 chlorine reduction establish- ment, and 2 newspapers. The chief agricultu- ral productions in 1870 were 21,665 bushels of potatoes and 172 tons of hay. Capital, Cen- tral City. GILPIN, Bernard, an English ecclesiastic, born in Kentmire, Westmoreland, in 1517, died in Houghton, Durham, in 1583. He was educa- ted at Oxford, became a convert to Protes- tantism after a disputation with Peter Mar- tyr, and in 1552 was made vicar of Norton in the diocese of Durham. On the accession of Mary he went abroad for three years. On his return his uncle, Dr. Tunstall, bishop of Dur- ham, appointed him his archdeacon, and gave him the living of Houghton, of which he remain- ed rector till his death, declining the bishopric of Carlisle, which was offered to him by Queen Elizabeth. His parish and the neighboring neglected parishes, which he regularly visit- ed, comprised a wild rugged district on the Scot- tish border, whose inhabitants, from centuries of marauding warfare, were in a half savage state. He went fearlessly among them, and by his preaching and benevolence acquired great influence over them. He preached so boldly against the vices of the times, and especial- ly of the clergy, that complaints were made against him successively to the bishop of Dur- ham and the bishop of London. He built and endowed a grammar school in his parish for the instruction of the children of the poor, and regularly educated at his own house 24 lads of promise whom he ultimately sent to the uni- versity. His life has been written by George Carleton (London, 1628), and by William Gilpin (London, 1751). GIN, or Geneva (Fr. genievre, juniper), an al- coholic liquor, distilled generally from rye and barley and flavored with juniper. ^ It was made originally in Holland, whence it is some- times called "hollands," and it is still manu- factured largely at Schiedam, Gouda, and Am- sterdam. In the distilleries of Schiedam two parts of unmalted Riga rye are used to one part of malted bigg or barley. This is mashed with water, at a temperature of from 162 to 168, in the proportion of 36 gallons to every