Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/730

 718 GEORGIA stream, 185 ft. high ; Amicolah falls in Lump- kin co., with a descent of 400 ft. in as many yards ; Towaligo falls in Monroe co. ; the falls in Rabun co., and a series of falls in the Hia- wassee. Stone mountain in De Kalb co., 7 m. in circuit, and 2,220 ft. high, abounds in fine scenery, and Track rock and Pilot mountain (1,200 ft. high) in Union co. are worthy of men- tion. Nicojack cave extends into the Rac- coon mountains, near the N. W. extremity of the state, for several miles, with a portal 160 ft. wide and 60 ft. high, through which flows a stream, up which boats can pass for 3 m. to a cataract. In Hancock and Bartow cos. and near Macon are artificial mounds, containing ruins of fortifications, articles of pottery, and human remains. In the low lands and swamps along the coast the climate is hot and un- healthy, malarious fevers -being prevalent, while in the pine lands further back the air is salubrious. In the N. portion of the state the climate is cooler and healthful. The following table embodies the results of meteorological observations made at Augusta and Savannah, under the direction of the chief signal officer of the United States, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1872: MONTHS. MEAN THER- MOMETER. TOTAL RAIN- FALL, INCHES. PREVAILING WIND. Au- gusta. Savan- nah. Au- gusta. 1-62 7-78 4-98 5-20 5-87 10-88 2-95 5-86 4-77 6-87 4-10 1-33 Savan- nah. Au- gusta. Savan- nah. October 66 54 47 41 46 50 66 74 79 81 80 75 68 59 S* 50 53i 67 76 80 83 84 76 8-55 2-22 1-59 2-09 4-65 10-18 2-75 5-22 9-52 4-36 12-31 8-52 S.E. W. N.W. N.W. W. N.W. 8. W. S.E. 8. E. W. N.E. 8. W. 8. W. N.W. N.W. N.W. E. 8. W. S W. 8. W. E. S.E. November December. . January February March April. May June July August September Tear 63-3 66-2 61-75 61-96 W. | 8. W. The number of deaths in 1870 was 13,606, in- cluding 3,923 from general diseases, 1,519 from diseases of the nervous system, 445 of the cir- culatory, 2,247 of the respiratory, 2,230 of the digestive, and 241 of the integumentary sys- tem ; 741 deaths were caused by enteric, 405 by intermittent, and 300 by remittent fever, 875 by consumption, 248 by dropsy, 270 by measles, 145 by cerebro-spinal fever, 277 by encephalitis, 379 by meningitis, 116 by apo- plexy, 165 by paralysis, 214 by convulsions, 356 by croup, 1,363 by pneumonia, 233 by hy- drothorax, 239 by enteritis, 327 by dysentery, 448 by diarrhoea, 344 by cholera infantum, and 100 by ascites. The soil of the coast islands is light and sandy, but productive of long-staple or " sea island " cotton. The mainland possess- es a rich alluvial soil, producing corn and cot- ton, while the tide swamps of the rivers are fer- tile in rice. Back from the coast is a stretch of sandy land, chiefly valuable for its timber and naval stores, but capable of being made productive. The S. W. portion of the state is light and sandy, but yields good crops of cot- ton, and the middle region, possessing a red loamy soil, produces cotton, corn, tobacco, &c. These two portions of the state have been much exhausted by unscientific cultivation. The N. region contains much fertile land, particularly in the valleys, yielding grain, fruits, potatoes, and other vegetables, but is not so well suited to cotton. Near the coast, the growth along the banks of the streams is of canes, cypress, magnolia glauca and grandiflora, gum of dif- ferent species, including the liquidamber tree, oaks, tulip, ash, sweet bay, and many other genera ; while back upon the sandy lands pines and scrub oaks are almost the only trees. Sev- eral species of palmetto give a tropical aspect to the sea islands, and the magnificent live oaks largely obtained in the vicinity of Bruns- wick furnish the most valuable ship timber grown in the United States. In 1870 Georgia produced more cotton than any other state ex- cept Mississippi ; more rice than any other ex- cept South Carolina ; and more sweet potatoes than any except North Carolina. The num- ber of acres of improved farm land was 6,831,- 856 ; value of farms, $94,559,468 ; of farming implements and machinery, $4,614,701 ; wages paid during the year, including the value of board, $19,787,086; estimated value of all farm productions, including betterments and additions to stock, $80,390,228 ; value of or- chard products, $352,926 ; of produce of mar- ket gardens, $193,266; of forest products, $1,281,623; of home manufactures, $1,113,080; of animals slaughtered, or sold for slaughter, $6,854,382 ; of live stock, $30,156,317. The productions were 308,890 bushels of spring and 1,818,127 of winter wheat, 82,549 of rye, 17,- 646,459 of Indian corn, 1,904,601 of oats, 5,640 of barley, 402 of buckwheat, 410,020 of peas and beans, 197,101 of Irish potatoes, 2,621,562 of sweet potatoes, 143 of clover and 540 of grass seed, 48 of flaxseed, 22,277,380 Ibs. of rice, 288,596 of tobacco, 846,947 of wool, 4,499,572 of butter, 4,292 of cheese, 2 of hops, 983 of flax, 14 of silk cocoons, 31,233 of wax, 610,877 of honey, 473,934 bales of cotton, 21,927 gallons of wine, 109,139 of milk sold, 553,192 of cane and 374,027 of sorghum mo- lasses, 644 hogsheads of sugar, and 10,518 tons of hay. The live stock consisted of 81,777 horses, 87,426 mules and asses, 231,310 milch cows, 54,332 working oxen, 412,261 other cat- tle, 419,465 sheep, and 988,566 swine. There were in addition 28,460 horses and 111, 764 cat- tle not on farms. The number of manufac- turing establishments was 3,836, having 405 steam engines of 10,826 horse power and 1,729 water wheels of 27,417 horse power, employ- ing 17,871 hands, of whom 15,078 were males above 16, 1,498 females above 15, and 1,295 youth; capital invested, $13,930,125; wages paid, $4,844,508; value of materials, $18,583,- 731; of products, $31,196,115. The principal branches are shown in the following table :