Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/630

 618 GARCIA GARCILASO DE LA VEGA tions are the epic poems " Csatar, 1 ' " Sophia Bosnyak," " The Wife of Frangepan," and "St. Ladislas;" the dramas of "Arbocz" and "Elizabeth Bathory;" "The Arpads," a collection of ballads on the history of that Hungarian dynasty ; and Balatoni kagylolc (" Shells from the Balaton "). He also wrote numerous other poems, sketches in prose, and contributions to literary periodicals. His his- torical ballads are particularly popular. His poems have been collected by F. Ney (5 vols., Pesth, 1853). A selection of them has ap- peared in a German translation by Kertbeny (2d ed., Vienna, 1857). GARCIA. I. Manuel de Populo Vicente, a Span- ish composer, born in Seville, Jan. 21, 1775, died in Paris, June 9, 1832. Having acquired celebrity as a tenor singer in Spain, he made his debut in Paris in 1808, and for many years was a reigning favorite. He wrote a number of operas, of which " The Caliph of Bagdad " proved the most successful. In 1825 he came to the United States with an opera troupe, in- cluding his wife and his daughter Maria Feli- cia, afterward celebrated as Mme. Malibran. The enterprise proved so successful that Garcia extended his visit to Mexico. On the road be- tween Mexico and Vera Cruz he was robbed of all his earnings, and returned to Paris im- poverished. His voice having been impaired, he established a school of vocal instruction. He was equally accomplished as an actor and a vocalist. II. Manuel, a musician, son of the preceding, born in Madrid in 1805. He ac- companied his family in their travels, was a teacher of music in the Paris conservatory from 1835 to 1850, and afterward in London, and is one of the best teachers in Europe. He has written Memoire sur la voix humaine (2d ed., 1847) ; ficole de Garcia, traite complet de Vart du chant (3d ed., 1851 ; remodelled in 1856 under the title of Nouveau traite, &c.); and Observations pJiysiologiques sur la wix 1m- maine (in French and English, 1855). (See MALIBEAN, and VIARDOT.) GARCILASO (Garcias Laso) DE LA VEGA. I. A Spanish lyric and pastoral poet, born in To- ledo in 1503, died in Nice in November, 1536. His father was councillor of state to Ferdinand and Isabella, and his mother was the daughter of Fernan Perez de Guzman. At an early age Garcilaso entered the service of the emperor Charles V. He was in the campaign in the Milanese in 1521, and distinguished himself by his valor at the battle of Pavia in 1525. In 1530 he married Donna Helena de Zufiiga, an Aragonese lady ; and in 1532 he followed Charles in his Hungarian campaign against the Turks. While at Vienna he incurred the dis- pleasure of the empress by promoting the mar- riage of one of his nephews with a lady of the imperial household, and was imprisoned on an island in the Danube, where he wrote a poem contrasting his own desolate situation with the beauty of the surrounding scenery. He was soon released and taken into greater favor than ever. In 1535 he accompanied the emperor on the expedition to Tunis, in which he was se- verely wounded ; and in the succeeding year he followed him in the disastrous invasion of the south of France. In an attack upon a small castle on a hill near Frejus, Garcilaso was struck on the head by a stone and fell into the ditch beneath. He was carried to Nice, where he died three weeks afterward. The emperor avenged the death of his favorite by hanging all the defenders of the castle. Gar- cilaso left an only son, who fell in battle against the Dutch in 1569. Garcilaso's poems were found by the widow of his friend the poet Boscan among her husband's papers, and pub- lished with them. They consist of 37 sonnets, 5 canciones, 2 elegies, an epistle in versi sciolti, and 3 pastorals. He is considered one of the finest poets of his nation, and is often designa- ted as the Spanish Petrarch. The best edition of his poems was published in Madrid in 1765, edited by Jos6 Nicolas de Azara. The oldest edition known is that of Venice, 1553. There is an English translation, with a life and an essay on Spanish poetry, by J. H. Wiffen (London, 1823). II. Sebastian, a Spanish soldier, one of the conquerors of Peru, born in Badajoz, died in Cuzco in 1559. He was of the same family with the preceding, and went to Mexico with Pedro de Alvarado. After the invasion of the kingdom of Quito, and Alvarado's return to Guatemala, Garcilaso remained in Peru and attached himself to the fortunes of Francisco Pizarro, and after his death to those of his brother Gonzalo. In the decisive battle of Xaquixaguana, April 9, 1548, he rode over to the royal side at the turning point of the con- test, was received with pardon and favor by the viceroy, and appointed governor of Cuzco, an office he held till his death. Garcilaso was noted for his humanity to the Indians, and for the efforts he made to ameliorate their condi- tion. He married an Indian princess of the blood royal, the niece of Huayna Capac, and granddaughter of the renowned Tupac inca Yupanqui. III. Surnamed the Inca, a Spanish historian, son of the preceding, born in Cuzco about 1540, died in Cordova, Spain, about 1620. About 1560 he went to Spain, where he ever afterward resided. He entered the army, and served as a captain under Don John of Austria, in the war with the Moriscos. After the war ended he retired to Cordova, and devoted himself to literature. He began by translating the DialogH di Amore, by Leone Abravanel. This work was soon placed on the Index Expurgatorius. His La Florida del Ynca (Lisbon, 1605) is chiefly devoted to the adventures of Fernando de Soto. -In 1609 he published the first part of his great work, Comentarios reales, que tratan del origen de los Ynca reyes, que fueron del Peru (Cordova, 1617; corrected ed., 17 vols., Madrid, 1800-'3), relating the history of Peru under the incas. Shortly before his death he finished the second part, comprising the story of the conquest by