Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/575

 GALENA GALESBURG 563 -profitable to work. In Cornwall and Devon- shire, England, mines of argentiferous galena have been worked profitably for centuries, even when a product of 9 or 10 oz. of silver to the ton of silver-lead was required to pay the expense of separation. The richest metal was from the ores of mines near Beer Alston in Dev- onshire, which yielded from 80 to 120 oz. of silver to the ton of lead ; one portion of the mines, known as the South Hooe, yielded lead containing 140 oz. of silver to the ton. These mines, though now of little importance, were famous for their production in the time of Ed- ward I. and II. The most celebrated mines of argentiferous galena in the United States are those of the Washoe district, Nevada. Galena may be formed artificially by fusing lead with sulphur. GALENA, a city, port of delivery, and the county seat of Jo Daviess co., Illinois, and the centre of the region known as the " Galena lead mines," situated on both sides of the Ga- lena river, 6 m. from its mouth in the Missis- sippi, and on the N. division of the Illinois Central railroad, 14 m. S. E. of Dubuque, Iowa; pop. in 1850, 6,004; in 1860, 8,196; in 1870, 7,019, of whom 2,473 were foreigners. Galena river is generally navigable for any steamboats that can ascend the rapids of the Mississippi. The ground upon which the city is built rises abruptly at a short distance from the river on both sides, and some of the bluffs reach a height of upward of 200 ft. These bluffs, which encircle the whole city, are composed of mountain limestone, and give the place an extremely irregular and picturesque appear- ance. The streets rise one above another, and .communicate with each other by steps. The public and private buildings are mostly of brick, and many of them in a good style of architecture. On the W. side of the river are a fine high school building, the United States marine hospital (now used by the normal school), and the government building, accom- modating the custom house and post office. In the environs are many streams of water, which afford ample power for manufacturing purposes. The city contains an iron foundery, two manufactories of furniture, a woollen mill, two flour mills, a saw mill, two planing mills, and a sash and blind factory. There are two national banks, with a capital of $325,000. For the year ending June 30, 1873, the number of vessels belonging to the port was 60, with an aggregate tonnage of 7,782, of which 25 of 3,763 tons were steamers, and 35 of 4,019 tons barges. The shipments in 1872 were 800,000 bushels of oats, 75,000 pigs of lead, 4,000 tons of zinc ore, 75,000 barrels of flour, 46,000 of pork and lard, 42,000 dressed hogs, and 250,000 Ibs. of meat in bulk ; receipts, 7,000,000 feet of lumber. The Northwestern German-English normal school in 1872 had 6 instructors and 62 students. The number of public schools was >, having 19 teachers and 893 pupils. There are one daily, one tri-weekly, and three weekly (one German) newspapers, and 12 churches. Galena was laid out in 1827, and incorporated as a city in 1839, deriving its name from the sulphuret of lead so called, which abounds in the locality. (See LEAD.) GALEOPITHECUS. See FLYING LEMUR. GALERIUS, Cains Valerius Maximianns, a Roman emperor, reigned from A. D. 305 to 311. A native of Dacia and the son of a peasant, he distinguished himself in the armies by his courage, and was appointed Ca3sar in 292 by Diocletian, whose daughter he married. Re- ceiving Thrace and Macedonia for his province, he was defeated by the Persian king Narses, but was so disdainfully received by the em- peror at Antioch on his return that he again set out, crossed the Euphrates, and gained a decisive victory over the Persian king. He now extorted from Diocletian an edict of proscription against Christianity, which was bloodily executed. After the abdication of Diocletian in 305 he reigned over the East; but when Italy recognized the authority of the usurper Maxentius, he marched thither to be- siege Rome, which he had never yet seen, but was defeated by Maxentius (307). The rest of his life was devoted to the draining of lakes and the clearing of forests. GALES. I. Joseph, an American journalist, born in England about 1760, died in Raleigh, N. C., Aug. 24, 1841. He was originally a printer and bookseller at Sheffield, where he founded and published the "Sheffield Regis- ter." His republican principles involved him in difficulty with the government, and in 1793 he sold his journal to James Montgomery the poet, and emigrated to the United States. He settled in Philadelphia, where he conducted the "Independent Gazetteer" for two or three years, and introduced the practice of report- ing by shorthand the debates in congress. In 1799 he sold the paper to Samuel Harrison Smith and removed to Raleigh, N. C., where he established the "Register," which he con- ducted for nearly 40 years. II. Joseph, son of the preceding, born at Eckington, near Shef- field, April 10, 1786, died in Washington, D. C., July 21, 1860. He was educated at the uni- versity of North Carolina, went to Philadel- phia to learn the art of printing, and in 1807 settled at Washington as the assistant and afterward as the partner of Samuel Harrison Smith, who in 1800 had removed the " Inde- pendent Gazetteer " to Washington and changed its name to the "National Intelligencer." In 1810 Mr. Gales became sole proprietor of the journal, which was published tri-weekly. In 1812 he took into partnership his brother-in- law, Mr. William W. Seaton, and in January, 1813, began to issue the "National Intelli- gencer " daily. It was continued till 1869. GALESBURG, a city and the county seat of Knox co., Illinois, on the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy railroad, at the junction of the Bur- lington and Peoria branches, 160 m. W. S. W. of Chicago and 40 m. E. by N. of Burlington,