Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/559

 FUSIBLE METALS FUSIBLE METALS. See ALLOT, and BIS- MUTH. FUSIYAMA, a volcano of Japan, a peak in the chain which traverses the whole length of the island of Niphon, and the loftiest mountain in the empire, its height being 14,177 ft. It is FYZABAD 547 Volcano of Fusiyama. covered with perpetual snow. It was formerly the most active volcano in Japan, but no erup- tion has taken place since 1707. Native histo- rians assert that in the year 283 B. 0. an ex- traordinary natural revolution produced in a single night both this mountain and the basin of the great lake Oitz Mitzoo ; the elevation of surface caused by the former, as it rose from the bosom of the earth, being exactly counter- balanced by the depression which constitutes the latter. The Japanese hold this mountain in religious veneration. Some of its ravines are consecrated to the worship of Buddha, and every August crowds of devotees make pilgrimages to the idols in these spots. FUSTIC, the dyewood of the morus tincto- ria, a tree which grows to a great height in Brazil and the West India islands. A yellow dye is obtained by boiling the wood, and this is principally used for converting silks and woollens, cotton yarn, and light' fabrics, al- ready dyed blue, to a green. Its use is almost wholly for compound colors, bichromate of potassa and lead giving a better yellow. The yellow crystalline substance morine separates from a concentrated decoction of fustic by cooling. The wood is known as old fustic to distinguish it from the wood of the rJim coti- nus, or Venice sumach, which is sometimes called young fustic, but more properly fustet, the name used by the French. The latter is a shrub cultivated in Italy and the south of France for purposes of dyeing and tanning. Its wood gives a yellowish decoction, which s used as an assistant to procure some par- ticular tint. The color is too fugitive for use alone. The principal fustine is extracted from this wood. FUTTEHGHUR, Fnttygurh, or Fataghnr, a town ol .British India, division of Agra. Northwest 1 rovmces, situated on the right bank of the Ganges, in the district and 3 m. E. of the city of Furruckabad. It was once a considerable military establishment, but on the extension of the British frontier to the northwest the troops were withdrawn and many of the buildings have fallen into decay. The arsenal is pro- tected by a fort built of mud, and most of the houses are of the same material. A few Eu- ropean merchants reside there. The chief na- tive industry is the manufacture of tents. FUTTEHPOOR, a city of British India, capital of a district of the same name, in the division of Allahabad, Northwest Provinces, on the line of the great trunk railway, 70 m. N. W. of Allahabad ; pop. about 20,000. It is a large and thriving town, with some good houses, a well supplied bazaar, and an elegant mosque, and is the chief seat of the civil establishment of the district. The place existed before the 12th century. In the sepoy revolt it was cap- tured by the rebels, but was retaken by Gen. Havelock on July 12, 1857. The district has an area of 1,583 sq. m. and a population of about 700,000. The climate is remarkable for dryness and wide range of temperature. The principal productions are wheat, barley, cotton, opium, indigo, and sugar cane. FUTTEHPOOR SIKRA, a town of British India, Northwest Provinces, in the district and 23 m. W. of the city of Agra ; pop. about 5,000. It was enclosed by a high stone wall, 5 m. in circuit, with towers and battlements, by the emperor Akbar, whose favorite residence it was; but it contains now little more than heaps of massive ruins, a grand mosque, and a good bazaar. The mosque is built on a commanding hill, and is still in tolerable re- pair. Near the remains of a vast palace is a column 40 or 50 ft. high, built of composi- tion moulded to imitate elephants' tusks ; and outside the walls is a ruined embankment, 20 m. in circuit, which pent up the waters of a torrent till they formed a broad lake, on the margin of which was an amphitheatre for pub- lic games. These great works were construct- ed by Akbar about 1571. FYZABAD, or Bangla, a town of British India, in the province of Oude, on the right bank of the Gogra, which in the rainy season is here sometimes 1 m. wide, 73 m. E. of Lucknow ; pop. estimated at 100,000. It was founded by Saadat Ali Khan, first vizier of Oude, and was beautified by his successors, particularly by Surajah Dowlah, under whom it became the capital instead of the ancient city of Oude or Ayodha, adjoining it on the southeast. In 1775 the seat of government was removed to Lucknow. Since that time the deserted city has been falling to decay, and its population is rapidly decreasing. The only manufactures of consequence are cloth, hardware, and arms.