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 FUOA to the foreign office in 1807, Aali Pasha being grand vizier. He urged the sultan to visit the principal European sovereigns, accompanied him on the journey, and died while residing at Nice for the benefit of his health. Pie was European in his manners and in many of his views, spoke French fluently, and was regarded as the ablest Turkish statesman of his day. He was fond of poetry, and was one of the earliest members of the Turkish academy of science and literature. He published a Turkish frammar (1852), and La verite sur la question es saints lieux (1853). FUCA, or Juan de Fnca, Strait of, a body of water lying between the N. "W. portion of Washington territory and the S. E. extremity of Vancouver island. It enters the Pacific at Cape Flattery, and communicates with the gulf of Georgia through Rosario and Haro straits. It is about 80 m. long, llm. wide at its W. and 25 m. at its E. end, and free from shoals. FUCHS, Johann Nepomnk von, a German chem- ist, born at Mattenzell, May 15, 1774, died in Munich, March 5, 1856. He was professor of mineralogy and chemistry at Landshut and subsequently in Munich, where he was also appointed keeper of the mineralogical collec- tions, and held other important functions in con- nection with scientific departments. He made various chemical discoveries and researches, and was especially distinguished for his inven- tion of soluble glass and its application to stereochromy, as explained in his Bereitung, Eigenschaften und Nutzanwendung des Was- serglases (1857). Among his most valuable con- tributions to mineralogy is his NaturgescTiicJite des Miner air eichs, included hi his Gesammelte Schriften (1856). His life has been written by Kobell (1856). FUCHS, Konrad Heinrich, a German physician, born in Bamberg, Dec. 7, 1803, died in Gottin- gen, Dec. 2, 1855. He studied at Wiirzburg, where he became an assistant of Schonlein, and was subsequently professor there, and from 1838 in Gottingen. He was a high authority on nosology, diagnostics, and therapeutics. His principal works are : Die Tcranlchaften Verdnderungen der Haut und ihrer Anhange (3 vols., Gottingen, 1840-'41); Die altesten Scliriftsteller uber die Lustseuche in Deutsch- land (1845) ; and LehrlucJi der speciellen Noso- logie und Therapie (4 vols., 1845-'8). FUCHS, or Fuehsius, Leonhard Ton, a German botanist, born at "Wemdingen, Swabia, Jan. 17, 1501, died May 10, 1566. He studied at Erfurt and Ingolstadt, adopted the doctrines of Luther, became in 1526 professor of medicine at Ingol- stadt, and in 1528 first physician to the mar- grave of Anspach, and held the cnair of med- icine at Tubingen from 1535 till his death. He was knighted by Charles V. He contributed much toward overthrowing the authority of the Arab physicians and restoring the Greeks to honor. As a botanist he corrected many current errors in the nomenclature of plants. An American plant, the fuchsia, bears his FUCHSIA 513 name. He wrote a number of medical and botanical works, of which the most important is De Historia Stirpium (fol., Basel, 1542). FUCHSIA, popularly called LADIES' EARDROP, a genus of ornamental and mostly very showy plants, belonging to the natural order ona- grace. The flowers of the fuchsia have the tube of the calyx adherent to the ovary, with the limb four-lobed, spreading or recurved; four petals, attached to the calyx tube, and usually shorter than the calyx lobes and of a different color ; eight stamens, and a threadlike style. The fruit is a four-celled, many-seeded berry, which is ovate-globose or oblong in shape. The species are shrubs or small trees, having usually opposite leaves, the flowers borne upon single axillary pedicels, or some- times they are disposed in racemes at the ends of the branches. Perhaps the history of no other greenhouse plant presents so many inter- esting items as do the changes produced by the hybridizing and rearing of new varieties of this elegant flower. London, in his " Encyclopaedia of Plants " (1829), gives only four species and a single variety ; in his " Arboretum et Frutice- tum Britannicum " (1844) he gives 21 species. At present there are about 50 admitted species, while the varieties produced by cultivators are almost innumerable, each year bringing a long list of "novelties" in fuchsias. With the ex- ception of two found in New Zealand, the ge- nus is an American one, most of the species being natives of the Mexican and Brazilian mountains. The fuchsias in cultivation may be divided into three sections : the long-flowered, the short-flowered, and those with the flowers in panicles. Among the short-flowered fuch- Fuchsia coccinea. sias is F. coccinea (also called F. globosa by some florists) from Chili, which for many years was the only kind known in the United States, and considered not more than 40 years ago one of the most elegant of plants, c spicuous for its axillary and drooping flowers,