Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/479

 FREDERIKSBORG of New Brunswick, a well endowed institution, with five professors, occupies a large stone building on a hill in the rear of the city. The other principal educational institutions are the provincial training and model school, and a collegiate school. Fredericton was formerly called St. Ann's, and was made the seat of government by Sir Guy Carleton in 1785. It has suffered at times from terrible conflagra- tions, one of which in 1825 laid one third of the town in ashes, while another in November, 1850, was still more disastrous. FREDERIKSBORG, a royal palace built by Christian IV. of Denmark in 1606-'20, after a plan by Inigo Jones, near the town of Hille- rod, on the island of Seeland, 22 m. N. N. W. of Copenhagen. It is a Gothic castle of red brick, covering three small islands in a little lake. The Riddersal, or knight's hall, has a ceiling elaborately decorated with carvings, gildings, and paintings, on which 26 artists are said to have worked for seven years. It has also a collection of portraits, and a richly orna- mented chapel, in which all the late kings of Denmark have been crowned. The pulpit and altar in the last are of ebony and silver, exqui- sitely wrought, and containing more than 600 Ibs. of the precious metal. FREDERIKSHALD, or Frederikshall (formerly Halderi), a seaport of Norway, in the province of Christiania, on the Iddefiord near its junc- tion with the gulf of Swinesund, Skager Rack, 57 m. S. E. of Christiania, near the frontier of Sweden ; pop. in 1865, 9,219. The harbor is excellent, and is accessible to the largest class of shipping. The great fire of 1759 near- ly destroyed the town, but it has been hand- somely rebuilt. It stands around the base of a gigantic rock, on the summit of which, 400 ft. perpendicularly over the sea, is the historic fortress of Frederiksteen, formerly of great strength. Charles XII. was killed here, Dec. 11, 1718. On the only accessible side, close under the outer walls, a monument marks the spot where the king fell. The castle was in- vested in 1814 by the Swedish crown prince Bernadotte, and its hopeless defence was a prelude to the almost immediate conquest of the kingdom and its union with Sweden, Nov. 4, 1814. About 3 m. E. of the town is a lake, the Fern So, the stream from which flows into the fiord near Frederikshald. Its waterfalls are the most picturesque in S. Norway. FREDERIKSHAMN (Finnish, Hamina), a town and fortress of Finland, Russia, in the govern- ment of Viborg, on the gulf of Finland, 115 m. N. W. of St. Petersburg; pop. in 1867, 3,278. Here, on Sept. 17, 1809, the treaty between Sweden and Russia was signed by which Fin- land became Russian. FREDERIKSTAD, a town and fortress of Nor- way, in the province of Christiania, at the mouth of the Glommen, 48 m. S. E. of Chris- tiania; pop. in 1865, 6,833. It has manufacto- ries of nails, buckles, fish hooks, pottery, tiles, and brandy ; and the harbor is large and* good. FREE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND 467 FREDOMI1, a village in the town of Pomfret, Chautauqua co., New York, on the Dunkirk, Alleghany Valley, and Pittsburgh railroad, about 3 m. from Dunkirk ; pop. in 1870, 2,546. Ihere is a spring of natural gas in the vicinity which is used to light the village. It is the seat of a state normal school, which has a model school attached, and in 1872 had 16 instructors, 179 students, and a library of 2,025 volumes. There are 4 flour mills, a saw and turning mill, a planing mill, a foundery, 3 manufactories of carriages, 1 of patent medi- cines, a national bank, 3 hotels, 2 weekly news- papers, and 5 churches. FREEBORN, a S. county of Minnesota, bor- dering on Iowa, drained by Shell Rock river ; area, 720 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,578. The surface is diversified and has a number of small lakes, and the soil is fertile. It is inter- sected by the Southern Minnesota railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 538,398 bushels of wheat, 134,638 of Indian corn, 326,766 of oats, 53,814 of potatoes, 35,712 tons of hay, and 380,652 Ibs. of butter. There were 3,136 horses, 4,468 milch cows, 7,173 other cattle, 5,057 sheep, and 35,023 swine. Capi- tal, Albert Lea. FREE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND, an ecclesias- tical body originally formed by a separation from the national establishment in the year 1843. On May 18 the general assembly of the established church of Scotland met as usual in Edinburgh, the Rev. David Welsh, D. D., be- ing the moderator, and the marquis of Bute being the representative of the queen. After prayer the moderator read a solemn protest on the part of the church of Scotland against the wrongs inflicted on her by the civil power, which protest was signed by 203 members of the assembly. He then laid the protest on the table, and bowing respectfully to the represen- tative of royalty left the house, followed im- mediately by Dr. Thomas Chalmers, Dr. Rob- ert Gordon, Dr. Patrick McFarlane, Dr. John McDonald, Dr. Thomas Brown, and rank after rank of the country ministers. The protesters withdrew to a large hall at Canon mills, pre- ceded and followed by sympathizing crowds, and there organized the Free Protesting church of Scotland, under the moderatorship of Dr. Thomas Chalmers. It was then found that 475 ministers had separated from the national church. The amount of capital surrendered that day by the protesting brethren, in relin- quishing their stipends from the establish- ment, was said to be at least 2,000,000. The French revolution had considerably affected the standing both in the church and in society of the evangelical party in the church of Scot- land.' Their doctrines had been looked upon as tainted with fanaticism, but the general horror of infidelity awakened by the events in France caused them to be regarded with greater favor, while their impressive preaching, exemplary lives, and solid learning began to give character to the cause with which they