Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/478

 466 FREDERICTON pulsed, and by so small a part of our army, that it was not supposed the enemy would limit his efforts to one attempt, which, in view of the magnitude of his preparations and the extent of his forces, seemed to be comparatively insig- nificant ; but we were necessarily ignorant of the extent of his losses." Burnside was indeed inclined to renew the action on the following day, but finally forbore, yielding to the repre- sentations of the majority of his generals. He was still uncertain whether to hold Fredericks- burg or to recross the river, and all through Sunday and the greater part of Monday the two armies lay in sight of each other, each ex- pecting and wishing to be attacked, but neither choosing to venture upon the offensive. To- ward night of the 15th Burnside decided to re- cross, and under cover of a storm which had set in the troops went over, the pontoons were swung back, and the river again separated the two armies. According to official reports, the confederate loss was 595 killed, 4,061 wound- ed, 653 missing; in all, 5,309. The Union loss was reported by the medical inspector general just after the battle to have been 1,152 killed, 9,101 wounded, 3,234 missing; in all, 13,487. But, he adds, "the return of killed may be too small." About 1,200 of those originally re- ported as missing came back to their commands, reducing the number of missing to about 2,000. Lee asserts that he took about 900 prisoners, leaving about 1,100 of the federal missing to be accounted for. Of these probably about 350 should be added to the number reported as killed; BO that in round numbers the Union loss was 1,500 killed, 9,100 wounded, 900 pris- oners, and 750 stragglers; 12,250 in all, almost two and a half times that of the confederates. The great disparity of loss was in the action on the right, at the foot of Marye's hill. In pro- portion to the numbers engaged, the losses in this battle were unusually large. Of Burn- side's 100,000 men who crossed the river, only about 32,000 were fairly brought into action ; of the confederate 80,000, only about 25,000. FREDERICTON, a city and port of entry of "New Brunswick, Canada, capital of the prov- ince and of the county of York, on the right bank of St. John river, 84 m. from the bay of Fundy, and 54 m. N. N. W. of St. John ; lat. 45 55' N., Ion. 66 32' W. ; pop. in 1871, 6,006. The city stands on a low point of land formed by a bend in the river, and is nearly encircled in' the rear by a range of hills. It has broad streets crossing each other at right angles, adorned with many fine gardens and shade trees, and with several elegant public buildings. Queen street is the chief business thoroughfare, and contains the principal gov- ernment buildings. At the E. end is the prov- ince building, a large wooden structure, in which the legislature and supreme court meet, containing a fine library. Near by are the va- rious public offices. At the W. end is the gov- ernment house, a fine stone structure, the resi- dence of the lieutenant governor. On the N. side of the street are the county court house and city hall, large brick buildings, and the barracks, of stone, capable of accommodating a regiment of infantry. In York street are the depot of the Fredericton railroad and the ska- ting rink, and in Westmoreland street the ex- hibition building, of wood, covering nearly an acre. Other public buildings worthy of men- tion are the county jail, the custom house, and Christ church, cathedral (Episcopal), of stone, a fine specimen of church architecture. The river is here three fourths of a mile wide, and is naturally navigable to this point by vessels of 120 tons; light steamers can ascend to Grand Falls, 140 m. above Fredericton. The city became a port of entry in 1848, was incor- porated in 1849, and is now the chief entrepot Christ Church, Cathedral. of commerce with the interior and an impor- tant station of passenger travel. Merchandise is principally brought up the river by steamers and schooners during the summer, but in win- ter there is a large traffic on the railways. In the vicinity are several large saw mills, and great quantities of lumber of various kinds are collected at Fredericton and thence exported to foreign ports. The lumber business is one of the principal sources of the wealth of the city. The Fredericton railroad connects with the Eu- ropean and North American railroad at Fred- ericton junction, 23 m. distant ; and the city is also the terminus of the Eiver du Loup or New Brunswick railway company's line. The city is lighted with gas, and contains two banks, a readipg room, a telegraph office, eight churches, and four weekly newspapers. The university