Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/371

 FOXGLOVE Sandusky, Keokuk with the friendly Sacs and Foxes retired to St. Louis. In September, 1815, they made peace, agreed to give up pris- oners, &c., but one band of Sacs long contin- ued to be called the British band. In 1822 they were on the Mississippi near Fort Arm- strong, in three villages, some having moved to the Iowa and returned. They were expert hunters and canoemen, and cultivated 300 acres of land, raising corn, beans, pumpkins, and melons ; many were employed in the lead mines, digging 400,000 pounds in a season. They, with the Sacs, ceded lands by the treaty of Aug. 4, 1824, and July 15, 1830, but were to some extent involved in the Black Hawk war in 1831, begun by that chief of the British band of Sacs who wished to retain Eock Island in Illinois. At the close of this war the two tribes made a treaty at Fort Armstrong with Gen. Scott and Gov. Reynolds, ceding lands for an annuity of $20,000 for 20 years. By a subsequent treaty at Rock Island they ceded a part reserved in the last, embracing 256,000 acres, for $192,000. They then centred on the Des Moines in an irregular square tract, about 140 miles each way. The Foxes at this time numbered 2,446, cultivating no more than be- fore, though hunting less. Turbulent as ever, they were constantly at war with neighboring tribes. Government removed them again by the treaty of 1842, and in 1849 they were chiefly on the Osage. Since then, in spite of government efforts to civilize and improve them, they have declined in numbers very rap- idly, rejecting with steady pertinacity mission- aries and schools. In 1872 the Sacs and Foxes who had ceded, their lands in Kansas to the United States in 1859 and 1868 numbered only 463, about one half Foxes. They occupied a reservation of 483,840 acres, between the North fork of the Canadian and the Red fork of the Arkansas. The Sacs and Foxes of the Mis- souri, the band who remained faithful during the Black Hawk war, are reduced to 88, occu- pying a reservation of 16,000 acres in S. E. Ne- braska and N. E. Kansas. This band has near- ly twice as much land under cultivation as the former, though those of the Mississippi have more live stock. The latter have annuities amounting to $60,000; those of the Missouri to $10,506. In 1857 a party of 317 Sacs and Foxes, tired of being constantly moved from reservation to reservation, bought lands in Tarna, Iowa, unaided by government, for they received no annuities. Here they set to work, and have $10,440 invested in stock, and have raised $2,715 worth of produce in a year, while by hiring out as farm laborers they are rapidly becoming industrious and self-sustaining. The farmers, who at first laughed at the idea of employing them, now find them good workers. FOXGLOVE. See DIGITALIS. FOX HOUND. See HOUND. FOX ISLANDS. See ALEUTIAN ISLANDS. FOX RIVER. I. A river of Wisconsin, called by the Indians Neenah. It rises in the S. cen- FRACTION 363 tral portion of the state, and flows first nearly S. W. to within 1 m. of the Wisconsin, when it turns suddenly N., and after a course of a few miles assumes a N. E. direction, passing through Lake Winnebago, and into the S. end of Green bay. The rapids in its lower course furnish immense water power. The channel has been improved so that steamboats pass from Green bay to Lake Winnebago. The subject of con- necting the Fox and Wisconsin rivers by a ship canal, so as to admit vessels from Lake Michi- gan into the Mississippi river, has been much discussed, and a government survey of the route has been made. The whole length of Fox river is about 200 m. II. Also called the Pishtaka, a river which rises in Wauke- sha co., Wisconsin, flows nearly due S. until it reaches Oswego, Illinois, when it turns S. W., and falls into the Illinois river at Ottawa, after a course of 200 m. It affords abundant water power. FOY, Maximilien Sebastien, a French soldier and orator, born at Ham, Feb. 3, 1775, died in Paris, Nov. 28, 1825. He entered the army in 1791 as second lieutenant of artillery, served successively under Dumouriez, Moreau, Mas- sena, and Bonaparte, and became colonel in 1801. His further advancement was for a time impeded by his freedom of speech and his vote against making Napoleon emperor; bat for his distinguished services in the Peninsula he was made brigadier general in 1808, and general of division in 1810. At Salamanca, in 1812, he protected the retreat of the French army, and in the following campaigns gained great applause by his skilful manoeuvres. At the battle of Orthez in 1814 he was seriously wounded. On the first restoration he was ap- pointed inspector general of infantry. During the hundred days he was placed in command of a division, fought at Quatre-Bras, and was wounded at Waterloo. On the second restora- tion he retired to private life, and devoted himself to a history of the peninsular war. In 1819 he was elected to the chamber of depu- ties by the department of Aisne. For six years he held his seat in the legislature, where he advocated constitutional liberty with ener- gy and boldness, and was recognized as the national orator. His health, impaired by his fprmer wounds, broke down under his parlia- mentary labors, and he died of a disease of the heart. It having been reported that the only inheritance left his children was his fame, sub- scription lists were opened, and within a few days the amount had reached 1,000,000 francs. The speeches of Gen. Foy were collected and published in 2 vols. 8vo (Paris, 1826). ^ His unfinished Histoire de la guerre de la Penin- sule appeared in 1827, in 4 vols. 8vo. FRACTION (Lat. frangere, to break), in arith- metic and algebra, an expression for an unexe- cuted division, originally invented to represent a quantity less than a unit. Thus originally signified three quarters of one, and afterward was used for the fourth part of three, these