Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/370

 362 FOX FOXES mond as tutor to the children of her brother, the earl of Surrey, who was then imprisoned in the tower, and afterward executed. After the accession of Edward VI. he was restored to his fellowship. In the reign of Mary he fled to the continent, and was employed at Basel as a corrector of the press. On the death of the queen he returned to England. The duke of Norfolk, one of his former pupils, gave him a pension, and he was appointed to a prebend in the cathedral of Salisbury. This office he re- tained while he lived, his refusal to subscribe to the new articles of religion preventing any fur- ther preferment. He was the author of numer- ous works, all of which are now nearly forgot- ten save his Acta et Monumenta Ecclesice, better known under its English name, " Fox's Book of Martyrs," which first appeared in London in 1563. It details the sufferings of the early Protestant reformers from "the great persecu- tions, and horrible troubles, that haue been wrought and practised by the Romishe prel- ates, especiallye in this realme of England and Scotlande, from the yeare of our Lorde a thou- sande, vnto the tyme now present," and met with great success, though its trustworthiness has always been disputed by Catholics. FOX, William Johnson, an English clergy- man and politician, born in Wrentham, Suf- folk, in 1786, died June 3, 1864. He was educated at Homerton Independent college, embraced Unitarian doctrines, and became a preacher, in which capacity he officiated many years at the chapel in Finsbury square, Lon- don. He took an active part in politics, on the extreme liberal side, and was a popular speaker for the anti-corn-law league. In 1847 he was elected to represent the borough of Oldham in parliament, as successor to Wil- liam Cobbett, was returned again for the same borough in 1852 and 1857, and held his seat until he resigned in 1862. He contributed largely to the " Westminster Review " and to other periodicals, and published several works, among which are " Lectures on Religious Ideas" and "Lectures to the Working Class- es" (4 vols. 12mo). FOXES, a tribe of North American Indians of the Algonquin family, noted in history as turbulent, daring, and warlike. They were of two stocks, one calling themselves Outagamies or Foxes, whence our English name ; the other Musquakink or men of red clay, the name now used by the tribe. They lived in early times with the kindred Sacs east of Detroit, and as some say near the St. Lawrence, so that we may conjecture them to be the Outagwami of the early Jesuit narratives, who resided near Lake St. John. They were driven west, and settled at Saginaw, a name derived from the Sacs. Thence they were driven by the Iroquois to Green bay. About 1658 they were forced from this by the Iroquois and Winnebagoes, and finally took post on Fox river. Here they were visited by the trader Perrot and the mis- sionary Allouez in 1667. They numbered prob- ably 500 warriors, cultivated Indian corn, and were expert hunters, but had no canoes. Still turbulent, they made war on the Sioux, and held their own against all their enemies, although suffering severe losses. The missionaries failed to make any great impression on them. At the summons of De la Barre in 1684 they sent warriors who joined Durantaye on Lake Erie for the campaign against the Five Nations. They also took part in Denonville's more serious campaign. They soon, however, showed hos- tility to the French, and opened intercourse with the Five Nations, even proposing to re- move to their territory. Won, as French writers charge, by English promises, the Foxes under Pemoussa, with the Maskoutens and Kickapoos, attacked Detroit in 1712. Du Buis- son, the French commander, called out the allies of France, and the Foxes were besieged in their fort, where they made a desperate de- fence; but they finally tied, were pursued, and almost all destroyed at Presque Isle on Lake St. Clair. The rest of the tribe molested every road, and in 1716 Louvigny was sent against them. He invested their fort at Butte des Morts on Fox river, and compelled them to sue for peace. They continued hostilities against the French and their allies for years, making the road to Louisiana almost impassa- able. The French sent another expedition against them under De Ligney in 1728, which ravaged their country, and again in 1734. Fi- nally, in 1746, with the aid of the Menoino- nees and Chippewas, they drove the Foxes from their river to the Wisconsin. Some Foxes however joined the French in their last struggle for Canada, and served under Montcalm at Fort William Henry. At the close of the war in 1763 they were in a large village of logs and bark on the Wisconsin, with fields of corn and vegetables. ' Although in 1736 they were reported as reduced to 100 warriors, they are at this time said to have in- creased to 320. The Foxes took no part in Pontiac's war, but befriended the whites. In 1766 they settled at Prairie du Chien, so named from one of their chiefs, called the Dog. When the American revolution began, they took up arms on the side of the English, and fought under De Langlade. English influence pre- vailed even after the end of the war. The Foxes did not indeed take part in the Miami war, though some may have been involved with the Sacs who did, five chiefs claiming to act for the Foxes and Sacs. By- the treaty of Nov. 3. 1804, for $2,234 50 and an annuity of $1,000, the Foxes and Sacs ceded to the United States immense tracts of land on the Missouri, Jeffreon, and Wisconsin rivers, and on the Il- linois and its branch the Fox. They were at this time chiefly west of the Mississippi, in a single village, 140 leagues above St. Louis, and numbered 1,200. When the second war with England began, 300 of the Foxes and their kindred the Sacs went to Maiden to join the British forces, and took part in the attack on