Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/310

 302 FOLEY FOLLEN FOLEY, John Henry, an Irish sculptor, born in Dublin, May 24, 1818. At an early age he entered the drawing and modelling schools of the royal Dublin society, and in 1834 became a student at the royal academy in London. In 1839 he first appeared as an exhibitor there, with his models of " Innocence " and the "Death of Abel." Among the most popular of his imaginative works are: "Ino and the Infant Bacchus" (1840), "Lear and Cordelia" and the "Death of Lear " (1841), " Venus rescuing ^Eneas" (1842), and "Prospero relating his Adventures to Miranda " (1843). For several years he has been kept busy with commissions for portrait statues, producing, among many others, those of Edmund Burke and Oliver Goldsmith, for Dublin. One of his latest works is the colossal statue of Prince Albert, for the memorial in Hyde Park, of which also he executed the group "Asia." FOLIGNO (anc. Fulginium or Fulginia), a walled city of central Italy, in the province and 20 m. S. E. of the city of Perugia, in a beautiful valley of the Apennines ; pop. in 1872, 21,686. It is large, but poorly built, and is famous for its manufactures of silks, woollens, soap, bleached wax, and playing cards. In 1831-'2 it was nearly destroyed by earthquakes. The celebrated picture of Ra- phael, La Madonna di Foligno, took its name from this place. A monument to the painter Alunno was erected here in 1872.. FOLKESTONE, a market town, seaport, and parish of Kent, England, built partly on the level shore and partly on a cliff on the straits of Dover, 7 m. S. W. of Dover, of which it is a sub-port, and 83 m. S. E. of London by the Southeastern railway ; pop. in 1871, 12,694. It was anciently a place ^of importance, and still has traces of Roman defences. In the 18th century it was the seat of extensive fisheries, and drew still greater wealth from various branches of the smuggling trade, on the sup- pression of which it fell into decay. Since the opening of the railway, however, which connects at this port with a line of steam pack- ets for Boulogne, it has recovered its prosperity. The harbor has been improved, a fine pier has been built, a custom house established, new warehouses and hotels have been erected, and streets opened. It is said that the town for- merly contained five churches, four of which were swept away by the sea ; there are now two. An old castle, founded by the Saxon kings of Kent and rebuilt by the Normans, has been almost totally destroyed, together with the height on which it was erected, by the encroachment of the sea. It is much resorted to for sea bathing. FOLLEN, August, afterward Adolf Ludwig, a Ger- man poet, born in Giessen, Hesse-Darmstadt, Jan. 21, 1794, died in Bern, Switzerland, Dec. 26, 1855. After studying philology and the- ology in his native town, he served in the cam- paign of 1814 against France. On his return he studied law for two years at Heidelberg, in 1817 began to edit the Allgemeine Zeitung at Elberfeld, in 1819 was involved in political agitations for which he was imprisoned two years in Berlin, went thence to Switzerland, and subsequently became a citizen of Zurich. In 1847 he purchased the castle of Liebenfels in Thurgau, whence in 1854 he removed to Bern. He translated the Homeric hymns (1814), and a volume of old Latin ecclesiastical hymns (Elberfeld, 1819), and published other works. FOLLEN. I. Charles, an American clergyman, brother of the preceding, born at Romrod in Hesse-Darmstadt, Sept. 4, 1795, perished in the conflagration of the steamboat Lexington in Long Island sound, on the night of Jan. 13, 1840. He was educated at Giessen, where he was distinguished for his liberal sentiments, and attached himself to the Bursclienschaft, which fell under suspicion as aiming at political revo- lution. He wrote a defence of the Bur&chen- schaft, and many patriotic songs, which, with others by his brother August, were published at Jena in 1819. In 1818 he received his de- gree as doctor of civil and ecclesiastical law from the university at Giessen, where he re- mained for some time as a lecturer on juris- prudence. He then went to Jena to lecture at the university, and was accused of complicity in the assassination of Kotzebue. He was twice arrested, but after a rigid examination was honorably acquitted. About the same time he was arrested on a charge of being the author of the " Great Song," which was con- sidered seditious, but no evidence was found against him, though in fact he was one of its composers. He was, however, forbidden to continue his lectures at Jena. He returned to Giessen, but learning that he was again to be put under arrest, he fled to Paris, and thence went to Switzerland, and was appointed pro- fessor of Latin and history in the cantonal school of the Grisons at Coire. His lectures having given offence by their Unitarian ten- dency to some of the Calvinistic ministers of the district, he asked a dismissal and obtained it, with a testimonial to his ability, learning, and worth. The university of Basel then appointed him lecturer upon law and metaphysics. While he was at Coire and Basel a demand was made by the German governments for his surrender as a revolutionist. It was twice refused, but on its renewal a third time in a threatening form, Basel yielded, and a resolution was passed for his arrest. He escaped from the city, and at the close of 1824 sailed for New York. He soon learned the English language, and in December, 1825, he received the appointment of teacher of German at Harvard college. In 1828 he was appointed teacher of ecclesiastical history and ethics in the divinity school, having in the mean, time been admitted as a candidate for the minis- try. In 1830 he was appointed professor of German literature at Harvard, which post he held for five years. In 1836-'7 he was pastor of the first Unitarian society in New York, and in 1839 he took charge of a church in East Lexing-