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 FLORIDA 279 invoked against conflagrations. The monastery of St. Florian, said to have been founded in 455 by St. Severin, contains a magnificent church, organ, and bell, a library of 40,000 volumes, a numismatic and other collections, and a pleasant garden and horticultural school. The adjoin- ing Tilly castle has belonged to it since 1636. FLORIDA, the southernmost state of the American Union, and the 14th admitted under the federal constitution, situated between lat. 24 30' and 31 K, and Ion. 80 and 87 45' W. ; bounded N. by Alabama and Georgia, E. by the Atlantic ocean, S. and "W. by the gulf of Mexico and the Perdido river, the latter dividing W. Florida from the gulf section of Alabama; area, 59,268 sq. m., or 37,931,520 acres. The state is divided into 39 counties, viz. : Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Brevard, Cal- houn, Clay, Columbia, Dade, Duval, Escam- bia, Franklin, Gadsden, Hamilton, Hernando, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, La- fayette, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Mana- tee, Marion, Monroe, Nassau, Orange, Polk, one of the best harbors on the southern coast. The population of Florida has been as follows: YEARS. White. Free colored. Slaves. Total. 1S80 18,385 27,943 47,203 77,746 96,057 844 817 932 932 91,689 15.501 25,717 89,310 61,745 34,730 54,477 87,445 140,424 187,748 1840 1850 I860 1870 State Seal of Florida. Putnam, St. John's, Santa Rosa, Sumter, Suwa- nee, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. The cities of the state are : Jack- sonville, which had 6,912 inhabitants in 1870 ; Pensacola, 3,343; Tallahassee, the capital, 2,023; and St. Augustine, 1,717. Key West (called by the Spaniards Cayo Hueso or Bone Key) is a place of great commercial and mili- tary importance. Pensacola, Appalachicola (1,129 inhabitants), and St. Mark's are ports of W. Florida. Cedar Keys, Tampa, and Char- lotte Harbor are the principal outlets on the W. side of peninsular Florida. St. Augustine, on the Atlantic coast, is the oldest town in the United States, and is much resorted to by invalids on account of its equable climate. Jacksonville is a thriving commercial city on John's river, and likewise a resort of in- valids. Fernandina (1,722 inhabitants) is a town at the N. end of Amelia island, and is tlantic terminus of the railroad which has its gulf terminus at Cedar Keys. It has In 1870 the state ranked 33d in point of pop- ulation. Of the total population, 94,548 were males and 93,200 females; 182,781 were of native birth, of whom 109,554 were born in the state, and 4,967 were foreign born, inclu- ding 1,155 born in Cuba and 1,101 in other parts of the West Indies. The density of pop- ulation was 3 - 17 to a square mile. There were 39,394 families with an average of 4'77 persons to each, and 41,047 dwellings with an average of 4'57 persons to each. Between 1860 and 1870 there was an increase of 33'7 per cent, in the total population : 23 '55 per cent, in the white, and 46*29 per cent, in the colored. The number of male citizens 21 years old and up- ward in 1870 was 38,854. There were in the state 63,897 persons between the ages of 5 and 18 years, including 30,990 colored; the total number attending school was 12,778, of whom 4,524 were colored ; 66,238 persons 10 years old and upward were unable to read, and 71,- 803 could not write. Of the latter, 34,666 were males and 37,132 females ; 18,904 were white, and 52,894 colored ; 12,786 were from 10 to 15 years of age, 14,678 from 15 to 21, and 44,- 334 were 21 or over, of whom 3,876 were white males, 5,600 white females, 16,806 col- ored males, and 18,052 colored females. The number of paupers supported during the year ending June 30, 1870, was 147, at a cost of $9,830. Of the total number (142) receiving support June 1, 1870, 80 were white and 62 colored. The number of persons convicted of crime during the year was 335. Of the total number (179) in prison June 1, 1870, 23 were white and 156 colored. The state contained 88 blind, 48 deaf and dumb, 29 insane, and 100 idiotic. Of the total population 10 years of age and over (131,119), there were engaged in all occupations 60,703 persons, of whom 50,877 were males and 9,826 females ; in agriculture, 42,492, including 31,033 agricultural laborers, and 11,165 farmers and planters; in profes- sional and personal services, 10,897, of whom 197 were clergymen, 4,003 domestic servants, 4,065 laborers not specified, 149 lawyers, 248 physicians and surgeons, and 250 teachers not specified ; in trade and transportation, 3,023 ; in manufactures and mechanical and mining industries, 4,291. The total number of deaths during the year was 2,264. Of these, 730 were from general diseases, including 107 from ente- ric fever, 45 from yellow fever, 130 from in- termittent fever, 84 from remittent fever, 26 from typho-malarial fever, 131 from consump-