Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/241

 FISHERIES 233 product; other fisheries, 1,121 establishments, $4,129,447 capital, $1,060,910 materials, 15,811 hands, $2,121,841 wages, and $5,124,603 pro- duct; total, 1,970 establishments, $17,919,759 capita], $4,302,355 materials, 30,383 hands, $6,077,577 wages, and $14,284,405 product, The value of products in 1866 was $12,500,000. The fishery table in 1870, which does not in- clude the whale fishery, returns 2,140 estab- lishments, employing 20,504 hands; capital, $7,469,575; wages paid, $3,449,331; value of materials used, $1,642,276; of products, $11,- 096,522. The chief producing states were : Massachusetts, $6,215,325; Maine, $979,610; Connecticut, $769,799; Michigan, $567,576; Ohio, $383,121; New Jersey, $374,912; Wash- ington territory, $289,746; North Carolina, $265,839; New York, $235,750; Wisconsin, $214,190; California, $150,260; Rhode Island, $124,505; Florida, $101,528. The principal items were 559,982 quintals of cod, 2,451 tons of halibut, 31,210 barrels of herring, 221,003 of mackerel, 69,561 barrels and 25,700 thousand whitefish, 647,312 bushels of oysters, 2,617,000 shad, 24,118 barrels of salmon, and 1,810,000 Ibs. of canned salmon. The following table shows the value of the products of the national fisheries since 1858, brought in by vessels making entry at the custom house, but does not include the product of the shore fisheries, nor fish brought in by coasters and fishing smacks, except so far as unofficial information has been obtained, which in recent years has been much fuller than formerly, through the efforts of the bureau of statistics to obtain a complete statement : YEARS. Spermaceti, whale, and other fish oil. Other pro- ducts of the fisheries. Total. YEARS. Products of the whale fishery. Products of other fisheries. Total. 1858 $199,258 591,901 (542,077 845,449 533,828 484,521 1,459,013 1,071,824 $137,654 139,817 112,040 74,695 852,037 160,708 699,038 582,065 $336,912 731,718 754,117 420,144 885,865 645,229 2,158,051 1,653,889 1866 $1,707,580* 4.424,387* 5,376,177 5,635,807 4,970,781 3,871,188 2,660,112 8,328,227 $508,51 6t l,870,475t 8,542,822 3,895,639 5,189,467 11,482,410 9,526,647 8,848,185 $2,216,096 6,294,862 8,918,499 9,530,946 10,110,198 14,853,548 12,186,759 11,676,412 1859. 1867 I860 1868 .. 1861 1869 18(52. 1870. 1863 1871. 1864 1872 1865 1873 The principal items in 1872, not including the whale fishery, were 733,487 quintals of cod- fish, valued at $3,194,286; 430,403 of mack- erel, $2,456,009 ; 159,923 of herring, $340,963 ; 178,539 of other cured fish, $657,615; 693,700 bushels of oysters, $238,080; 45,077,273 Ibs. of fresh fish (other than shell fish), $1,106,500 ; 1,437,343 gallons of oil, $508,402 ; 10,757 skins, $117,411 ; value of shell fish (other than oys- ters), $591,324; of other fishery products, $316,057. The quantity of salt withdrawn from warehouse for curing fish in 1871, under the act of 1866, was 64,671,139 Ibs., valued at $66,007; in 1872, 57,830,929 Ibs., worth $60,- 155. The table below includes the quantities of dried or smoked and of pickled fish exported, with the quantities of mackerel inspected, at various periods since 1790: EXPOETS. YEARS. DRIED OK SMOKED FISH. PICKLED FISH. Mackerel inspected, barrels. Quintals. Value. Barrels. Kegs. Value. 1791.. . 1801.. . 1-11.. . 1821. 1881. 1841. 1861. 1861. 1871. 1872. 383,287 410,948 214,887 267,805 230,577 252,199 151,088 219,824 119,618 126,613 $757,000 708,778 625,393 602,810 867,729 634,941 592,598 588,194 57,426 85,985 44,716 76,429 91,787 86,508 21,214 48,352 29,653 30,642 10,424 9,393 4,162 8,594 3,849 3,215 2,662 $365,000 264,000 804,441 148,973 118,932 244,028 226,369 209,077 ' 8,079$ 19,632 111,009 405,009 56,637 363,787 194,284 259,41 7 181,957 t Other products of the fisheries, t In 1804. In Massachusetts. In 1871 the total value of exports of the pro- ducts of the national fisheries was $2,612,890; of foreign fisheries, $376,018; in 1873, domes- tic exports, J2, 91 3, 897, including oysters to the value of $243,723, and whale and other fish oil to the value of $1,250,074; foreign exports, $544,690. The principal points of shipment are Great Britain, Hayti and Santo Domingo, France, Cuba, Porto Rico, the French and Dutch possessions in America, and the British West Indies. The imports of foreign fish and products thereof in 1871 amounted to $3,031,- 513; in 1873 to $3,191,506, including 8,636,279 Ibs. of fresh fish for daily consumption, im- ported free of duty, valued at $278,921 ; 223,- 612 gallons of whale and other fish oil, $106,- 249; 68, 692 barrels of herring, $359,262; 90,889 of mackerel, $610,457; and sardines and ancho- vies to the value of $1,172,704. With the ex- ception of the sardines, which were brought from France and Great Britain, and some her- rings imported from Germany, the imports were almost exclusively from British America. The British American colonies are the seat of fisheries among the richest in the world, which have been pursued since the first settle- ment of those countries. Their early history is referred to above. In 1832 Nova Scotia employed 570 vessels and shallops and 640 boats, and exported 160,640 quintals of dried, 37,154 barrels of pickled, and 8,641 boxes of smoked fish, valued at $509,820; in 1843, 2^ vessels, 3,400 boats, and 10,000 men. In 1851 the number of vessels was 812 ; of boats, 5,161 ; nets and seines, 30,154; men, 10,394; exports, 196,434 quintals of dried, 263,842 barrels of
 * Spermaceti, whale, and other fish oil.