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 FEYDEAU FEZ 171 has been very fully established by clinical ex- perience. Inunction of the surface of the trunk and limbs with fat bacon or some oleaginous preparation allays the itching, which is often very distressing, and in the opinion of some the severity of the disease is thereby much lessened. As in other diseases, whenever the symptoms show failure of the vital powers, supporting measures of treatment (alcoholic stimulants and alimentation) are indicated. There are no known remedies which exert a specific con- trol over this disease, more than over the con- tinued and the other eruptive fevers. Care during convalescence in scarlet fever is consid- ered as especially important with reference to the liability to the affection of the kidneys al- ready referred to. This care relates particu- larly to exposure to cold ; and a fact important to be borne in mind is, that this affection of the kidneys as often follows mild as severe cases of scarlet fever. Belladonna has been supposed to afford protection against this dis- ease after exposure to the infection. This is not certain. Complete protection can be se- cured only by avoiding the infection through contact or proximity to patients, and disinfect- ing everything which may convey it. For the other eruptive fevers, see CHICKEN Pox, SMALL- POX, MEASLES, and PLAGUE. FEYDEAU, Ernest lime, a French author, born in Paris, March 16, 1821, died there, Oct. 28, 1873. He published a volume of poetry in 1844, and acquired notoriety in 1858 by his questionable novel Fanny. His subsequent works of a similar kind were not as popular ; nor was he successful as a playwright. He was connected with various journals, and his miscellaneous writings include Histoire gene- rale des usages funebres et des sepultures des peuples anciens (3 vols., 1858); Le secret du Itonheur, sketches of Algerian life (2 vols., 1864; English translation, 2 vols., 1867) ; and UAlle- magne en 1871 (Paris, 1872). FEYJ06 Y MONTENEGRO, Francisco Benito Jero- nimo, a Spanish reformer, born probably at Car- damiro, Oct. 8, 1676, died in Oviedo, May 16, 1764. He was a Benedictine monk, and be- came professor of divinity at Oviedo, abbot, and eventually general of the Benedictine or- der. He resided the greater part of his life in the monastery at Oviedo, devoted to literary, philosophical, and scientific labors. He opposed the philosophical system then taught in Spain, maintaining Bacon's principle of induction in the physical sciences, and ridiculing the pre- vailing fallacies in regard to astronomy and astrology. He published his dissertations un- der the title of Teatro critico universal, 6 dis- cursos varies en todo genero de materias, para desengaflo de err ores comunes (1736-'42), and continued them under the title of Gartas erudi- tas (1742-' 60). His works have gone through many editions, and selections from them were translated into French by D'Hermilly (Paris, 1745), and into English by John Brett (Lon- don, 1770-'80). FEZ (Ar. Fas). I. A province of Morocco, occupying the N. portion of the empire, bound- ed N. by the Mediterranean, E. by Algeria, and W. by the Atlantic. It is traversed in the east and south by branches of the Atlas moun- tains, but the western portions form a rich champaign country, productive in grain, chiefly wheat and barley, honey, tobacco, olives, and wine. The chief river is the Seboo, which, rising in the E. part of the province near the Atlas mountain, passes within 6 m. of the city of Fez, and enters the Atlantic at Mamora, where it is navigable. The chief cities are Fez and Tangier, the principal commercial seats of the empire, Mequinez, Tetuan, El-Araish, Salee, Rabat, and Kasr el-Kebir. The Spanish pre- sidios of Ceuta, Alhucemas, Sefior de Velez, and Melilla are in this province, on the Medi- terranean. Fez formed a part of Mauritania Tingitana under the Romans. Early in the 5th century the Vandals settled here, and re- mained until the conquest of N". W. Africa by the Arabs. It was subject successively to the eastern caliphs and the Ommiyades of Spain, and was afterward an independent kingdom till conquered and annexed to Morocco about 1548. II. A city, capital of the province, in lat. 34 6' K, Ion. 5 1' W., about 85 m. from the Mediterranean, and 90 in. from the Atlan- tic ; pop. estimated at 88,000, including 65,000 Moors and Arabs, 10,000 Berbers, 9,000 Jews, and 4,000 negroes. It is situated on the slope of a valley watered by a small affluent of the Seboo, which divides within the city into two branches, supplying the baths and foun- tains. The city, surrounded by dilapidated walls, is 4 m. in circuit, and is divided into the old and new towns, both, however, an- cient, and both composed of narrow, dirty streets. The houses are of brick, with galle- ries and flat roofs. It is one of the three residences of the emperor, but the palace, al- though large, is not remarkable. In the 16th century this place was a famous seat of Arabic learning. It has yet a university called the house of science, colleges, and elementary schools. Formerly the city contained some hundreds of mosques, and is said still to have 100, of which the principal are El-Karubin and the mosque of Sultan Muley Edris, founder of the city (in the 9th century). The former has a covered court for women to pray in, and the latter, which contains the remains of the founder, is a sanctuary for criminals. From its abundance of mosques and relics Fez is a holy city to the western Arabs. It possesses 200 caravansaries, some hospitals, and manu- factories of woollens, sashes, silk stuffs and girdles, the red woollen caps called fez (dyed of a bright red color by means of a berry found in the vicinity), slippers, coarse linens, fine car- pets, saddlery, arms, &c. Of the fine leather known by the name of morocco, the red comes from Fez. Its artisans are very skilful in gold- smith's work and jewelry. It is the depot of the inland trade, and collects for export gums,