Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/125

 FELLER FELO DE SE 117 and still another school for children at a sub- sequent period. By these schools, and by his writings on the subject of agriculture and edu- cation, Fellenberg exerted a remarkable influ- ence in Europe ; and although the institutions which he founded were dissolved after his death, after having been conducted for several years by one of his sons, kindred institutions have sprung up in Switzerland and Germa- ny, and the celebrated pauper colony of the Netherlands at Frederiksoord, province of Drenthe, was founded in 1818 by a pupil of Hofwyl. Fellenberg was assisted in his be- nevolent labors by his wife, and by the great- er number of their nine children. See Hamni, Fellenberg' l s Leben und Wirlcen (Bern, 1845). Robert Dale Owen was a pupil at Hofwyl, and in his autobiography (''Threading his Way," 1874) has given an interesting account of the school. FELLER, Francois Xavier de, a Belgian author, born in Brussels, Aug. 18, 1735, died in Ratis- bon, May 21, 1802. He was educated in the Jesuits' colleges at Luxemburg and Rheims, and after becoming a member of their order was employed as professor at Luxemburg and Liege. He went afterward to Tyrnau in Hun- gary, and after passing some time there, he travelled extensively in Hungary, Austria, Bo- hemia, Poland, and Italy. He was preacher in the college of Liege when the order of Jesuits was suppressed in Belgium in 1773, and after- ward devoted himself to literature. Being compelled to leave Belgium at the occupation of that country by France in 1794, he spent two years at Paderborn, and subsequently re- tired to Ratisbon. Among his works are Ob- servations pliilosopJiiques sur le systeme de New- ton (3d and enlarged ed., Liege, 1778), and Catechisme pfiilosopMque (4th ed., 1805 ; new ed., from the author's annotations, Lyons, 1819). He left many other writings, chiefly on religious subjects; but his principal work is his Biographie universelle, ou Dictionnaire his- torique, &c., which passed through many edi- tions, and after his death was revised and con- tinued under the direction of M. Charles Weiss and the abb6 Busson, and brought down to 1848 (9 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1847-'56). FELLOWES, Robert, an English author, born in Norfolk in 1770, died in 1847. He gradu- ated at St. Mary's hall, Oxford, and in 1795 took holy orders, but subsequently rejected the doctrines of the established church, and adopt- ed the opinions which are given at length in his "Religion of the Universe," published in London in 1836. He had previously published "A Picture of Christian Philosophy" (8vo, London, 1800); "Religion without Cant" (1801) ; " The Guide to Immortality " (3 vols., 304); "A Manual of Piety, adapted to the Wants and calculated for the Improvement of all Sects of Christians" (1807); "A Body of Theology, principally practical, in a Series of Lectures " (2 vols., 1807), &c. Mr. Fellowes was an intimate friend of Dr. Parr and Baron Maseres, the latter of whom left him the greater part of his large fortune, to be dispensed in literary and benevolent enterprises. He was one of the earliest advocates of the establish- ment of the university of London, of which he was a frequent and liberal benefactor. FELLOWS, Sir Charles, an English traveller and archaeologist, born in Nottingham in 1799, died Nov. 8, 1860. He published a " Journal written during an Excursion in Asia Minor " (8vo, London, 1839), in which he gave descrip- tions of the superb architectural and sculptural remains of the cities of Xanthus and Tlos. The interest excited by the work induced the gov- ernment to apply to the Porte for a firman, authorizing the removal of specimens of the ancient works of art described by Mr. Fellows, who departed on a second tour through Lycia, in the course of which he discovered 13 other ruined cities. Having learned that the Porte declined to grant the firman, he returned to England, and published " An Account of Dis- coveries in Lycia, being a Journal kept during a Second Excursion in Asia Minor " (8vo, 1841). The government were at last successful in pro- curing the desired firman, and a new expe- dition succeeded in transporting to England a number of cases of sculptures, which are now deposited in the "Lycian Saloon" of the British museum. Another expedition, also under the direction of Mr. Fellows, brought a number of additional marbles to England in 1844. For these services he received in 1845 the honor of knighthood. His remain- ing publications are : *" Account of the Xan- thian Marbles in the British Museum" (1843), a pamphlet written to correct some misstate- ments ; " Account of the Trophy Monument at Xanthus" (1848); and "Coins of Ancient Lycia" (1855). FELO DE SE, one who commits felony against or upon himself. As felony is, in common- law language, any capital offence, and mur- der is the only capital offence which a man can commit against himself, a felo de se is a self-murderer, or one who kills himself with malice aforethought. Indeed, the legal defini- tion of a felony de se (or suicide) is said to in- clude the doing of any unlawful and malicious act, although aimed primarily against another, whereby death ensues to the guilty person. In England this crime was punished not only with forfeiture of goods and chattels, like other felo- nies, but, to mark the detestation of the law, and to deter others from a similar crime, the body was treated ignominiously, and buried in the open highway with a stake thrust through it. This very ancient rule fell into general if not entire disuse in England many years ago, but it was not repealed until the statute 4 George IV., c. 51 ; and even then, to manifest the horror of the law at the act of suicide, it was ordered that the body (which might be placed in a churchyard or other consecrated ground) should be buried at night, and with- out the performance of religious rites.