Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VII.djvu/110

 102 FAYETTEVILLE wool. There were 7,235 horses, 4,889 milch cows, 12,277 other cattle, 34,394 sheep, and 51,955 swine; 2 manufactories of boots and shoes, 10 of bricks, 7 of carriages and wagons, 5 of saddlery and harness, 1 of sashes, doors, and blinds, 1 of woollen goods, 2 flour mills, and 4 saw mills. Capital, Washington. IX. A S. E. county of Indiana ; area, about 200 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,476. The surface is level or undulating, and the soil fertile. Lime- stone is the principal rock. The Fort Wayne, Muncie, and Cincinnati, the Cincinnati and Indianapolis Junction, the White Water Val- ley, and the Columbus, Shelby, and Cambridge City branch of the Jeffersonville, Madison, and Indianapolis railroads intersect it. The chief productions in 1870 were 271,150 bushels of wheat, 635,454 of Indian corn, 56,348 of oats, 26,118 of potatoes, 5.524 tons of hay, 93,874 Ibs. of butter, and 31,208 of wool. There were 3,601 horses, 2,631 milch cows, 5,167 other cattle, 8,105 sheep, and 20,879 swine; 2 manu- factories of boots and shoes, 11 of carriages and wagons, 3 of furniture, 1 of iron castings, 1 of machinery, 1 of printing paper, 7 of sad- dlery and harness, 1 of woollen goods, 4 flour mills, and 3 saw mills. Capital, Connersville. X. A S. central county of Illinois, intersected by Kaskaskia river ; area, 640 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 19,638. The surface is level, and occu- pied by alternate tracts of fertile prairie and good timber land. A number of small streams supply it with water power. The Illinois Central and the St. Louis, Vandalia, Terre Haute, and Indianapolis railroads pass through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 351,310 bushels of wheat, 962,525 of Indian corn, 497,- 395 of oats, 73,845 of potatoes, 20,844 tons of hay, 393,710 Ibs. of butter, 54,446 of wool, and 38,155 of tobacco. There were 8,898 horses, 6,261 milch cows, 7,928 other cattle, 21,234 sheep, and 23,817 swine; 11 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 10 flour mills, and 20 saw mills. Capital, Vandalia. XI. A N. E. county of Iowa; area, 720 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 16,973. It is drained by the head branches of Turkey river, is well supplied with water power, and has a healthy climate. The surface is un- dulating, and occupied partly by fertile prairies and partly by forests. The chief productions in 1870 were 478,538 bushels of wheat, 448,028 of Indian corn, 395,075 of oats, 29,553 of bar- ley, 58,652 of potatoes, 27,327 tons of hay, 454,868 Ibs. of butter, and 38,290 of wool. There were 4,901 horses, 5,527 milch cows, 7,646 other cattle, 11,771 sheep, and 14,160 swine ; 4 manufactories of carriages and wag- ons, 2 of barrels and casks, 5 of saddlery and harness, 1 brewery, 10 flour mills, and 13 saw mills. Capital, West Union. FAYETTEVILLE, a city and the capital of Cumberland co., North Carolina, on the W. bank of Cape Fear river, at the head of natu- ral navigation, 100 m. above Wilmington, and at the terminus of the Western railroad of North Carolina, 55 m. S. of Raleigh ; pop. in 1870, FAYOOM 4,660, of whom 2,318 were colored. Itisthe cen- tre of an active trade, and the seat of manufac- tures of some importance. The Cape Fear river has been rendered navigable by means of locks and dams as far as the coal mines of Chatham co., and plank roads have been constructed lead- ing to various parts of the interior. The neigh- boring pine forests furnish large quantities of lumber, tar, and turpentine for exportation. The city contains 10 turpentine distilleries, two manufactories of cotton sheetings, and two na- tional banks. It is governed by a mayor and a board of seven commissioners. It has an academy, a female high school, a colored pri- mary school, two private schools, a semi-week- ly and two weekly newspapers, and 25 church- es, viz. : 5 Baptist, 3 Episcopal, 8 Methodist, , 8 Presbyterian, and 1 Eoman Catholic. Fay- etteville was settled in 1762, and before re- ceiving its present name in 1784 was known successively as Campbelltown and Cross Creek. In 1831 it was partly destroyed -by fire. The United States arsenal at this point, containing 35,000 small arms besides a number of cannon and a considerable quantity of ammunition, was taken possession of by the confederates, April 22, 1861. The city was occupied by Gen. Sherman, March 11-14, 1865, when the arsenal with the machinery which had been brought from Harper's Ferry was destroyed. FAYOOM, or Faynm (Copt. PMoum, the wa- ters), a valley of central Egypt, anciently the Arsinoite nome, about 40 m. S. W. of Cairo, on the W. side of the Nile ; length from E. to W. about 40 m., breadth about 30 m. ; pop. nearly 150,000. It is of an almost oval form, enclosed by a chain of the Libyan hills, which here bend round to the west and north. It forms in fact a basin with only one opening toward the Nile on the east, and gradually sloping toward the north and south, the north- ern depression being occupied by the Birket- el-Keroon, long supposed to be identical with Lake Morris. It is supplied with water from the Bahar Yusef (canal of Joseph), which is divided into numerous branches to irrigate the country. The parts thus watered are remark- ably fertile, producing grain, cotton, olives, figs, apricots, and other tropical fruits. Roses are abundant, and the natives produce large quantities of rose water, which is sold all over Egypt. The principal town is Medinet el-Fayoom (anc. Crocodilopolis and Arsino'e), near which are several broken columns of red granite, carved in old Egyptian style with lotus-bud capitals, supposed to mark the site of the famous labyrinth described by Herodo- tus. N. of the town Belzoni found two im- mense stone pedestals, called by the natives Pharaoh's feet, various granite statues, some wrought iron, and a quantity of half melted glass. At some distance stands a syenite obelisk, 43 ft. high and covered with sculptures. About 3 m. from the lake stands a temple known as Kasr Keroon, 94 ft. long, 63 ft. broad, and 40 ft. high, with 14 chambers,