Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/817

 EVARTS perature of the heated surface at which liquids are caused to assume this condition has been found, for water, to be 340 or more ; for alco- hol, 273; and for ether, 140. The check upon evaporation is very remarkable. A quan- tity of water which would ordinarily disappear in vapor in one minute at the temperature of 212, has been kept from total dispersion nearly an hour in a metallic vessel heated nearly red. EV1RTS. I. Jeremiah, secretary of the Amer- ican board of commissioners for foreign mis- sions, born in Sunderland, Vt., Feb. 3, 1781, died in Charleston, S. C., May 10, 1831. He graduated at Yale college in 1802, and after some time spent in teaching, he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1806, practised his profession in New Haven for about four years, and from 1810 to 1820 edited the " Panoplist," a religious monthly magazine published at Boston. In 1812 he was chosen treasurer of the American board of commissioners for for- eign missions, and in 1820, when the " Pano- plist '" was discontinued, and the " Missionary Herald" was issued by the board in its stead, he took charge of the latter periodical. He was chosen corresponding secretary of the board in 1821, and retained that office until his death. He wrote 24 essays on the rights of the Indians, under the signature of "William Penn," which were published in 1829. See "Memoirs of Jeremiah Evarts," by E. 0. Tracy (8vo, Boston, 1845). II. William Max- well, an American lawyer, son of the prece- ding, born in Boston, Feb. 6, 1818. He gradu- ated at Yale college in 1837, studied in the Harvard law school, and was admitted to the bar in New York in 1841. He received the degree of LL. D. from Union college in 1857, from Yale in 1865, and from Harvard in 1870. In the impeachment trial of President Johnson, in the spring of 1868, Mr. Evarts was princi- pal counsel for the defendant. From July 15, 1868, to the close of President Johnson's ad- ministration, he was attorney general of the United States. In 1872 he was counsel for the United States in the tribunal of arbitration on the Alabama claims at Geneva. Of Mr. Evarts's public addresses there have been pub- lished "Centennial Oration before the Lino- nian Society of Yale College " (8vo, New Ha- ven, 1853), and " Address before the New Eng- land Society " (8vo, New York, 1854). EVE (Heb. 'HamaK), in Scriptural history, the name given by t Adam to his wife. It is derived from the verb 'hayoh, to live, and was applied to her as "the mother of all liv- ing." She was created to be a help meet for Adam, and was placed by God with him in Eden ; but yielding to the temptation of the serpent, and tasting and leading Adam to taste the forbidden fruit, she was with him driven forth from paradise, and was doomed to sor- rows and sufferings, especially in the birth of her offspring. She was the mother of Cain, Abel, and Seth ; and with the birth of the last her history ceases. EVERDINGEN 797 EVECTION (Lat. evectio, a carrying out), the principal perturbation of the moon in longi- tudes, causing her to be alternately nearly three times her own breadth in advance of, and be- hind, her mean place. The fact of evection was discovered by Ptolemy, but its cause was unknown before the law of gravitation was discovered. It arises from the disturbing in- fluence of the sun, alternately elongating the moon's orbit and reducing its eccentricity, as the end or side of the orbit is toward the sun. EVELYN, John, an English author, born in Wotton, Surrey, Oct. 31, 1620, died there, Feb. 27, 1706. He was educated at Balliol college, Oxford, studied law, and served for a short time in 1641 as a volunteer in the Neth- erlands. He returned to England as the civil war was breaking out, and joined the royal army, but after the king's retreat to Glouces- ter travelled through France and Italy. He returned in 1651, assisted in the restoration of 1660, and was received with favor at court. He was one of the founders of the royal so- ciety in 1662, a member of the first council, and during his life a constant contributor to its "Transactions." Upon the breaking out of the Dutch war in 1664 he was a commissioner to tend the sick and wounded, and he was one of the first members of the board of trade. The English naval commissioners dreading a scarcity of naval timber in the country, at the request of the royal society Evelyn wrote his " Sylva, or a Discourse on Forest Trees, and the Propagation of Timber in his Majesty's Dominions" (folio, 1664). It induced many landholders to plant an immense number of young oak trees, which furnished the ship yards of the next century. He published many other popular works on learned subjects, on painting, sculpture, architecture, and medals, and was one of the first in England to treat gardening and planting scientifically. The most valuable of his works is a diary, in which during the greater part of his life he related the events in which he was interested. This was edited by W. Brady (4 vols. 4to, 1818), and contains much curious and minute infor- mation concerning the manners and society of his time. An enlarged edition was edited by John Forster (4 vols. 8vo, 1859), and editions in 1 vol. 8vo appeared in 1870 and 1871. EVERDINGEK, Aldert van, a Dutch marine and landscape painter, born in Alkmaar in 1 621, died there in 1675. He excelled in painting wild and rugged scenery. Having been shipwrecked on the coast of Norway during a voyage to the Baltic, he employed the time while the vessel was repairing in making sketches of rocks, waterfalls, and other prominent features of a mountainous country. His sea pieces, particularly those in which storms are repre- sented, are very effective, being painted with a broad, free pencil, and carefully colored. He also etched upward of 100 prints of .Nor- wegian scenery, besides 56 illustrations to the fable of " Reynard the Fox."