Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/787

 EUDOXIA of whom, Paulinus, a companion of her early studies in Athens, she cherished an intimacy which roused the jealousy of her husband, and Paulinus was banished to Cappadocia, where he was soon afterward assassinated. The Eutychian discussion was at this time vex- ing the church ; Pulcheria and Eudocia adopt- ed different views, and in the alternate ascen- dancy of the two parties, first the former and then the latter was exiled. Eudocia retired to Jerusalem, where the jealousy of the em- peror or the vindictive spirit of Pulcheria pur- sued her, and two priests who shared her ex- ile were slain. The exasperated empress im- mediately put to death the agent of the em- peror ; and being now stripped of all the honors of her rank, she passed the remainder of her life in exercises of piety and charity. II. A Byzantine empress, wife of the empe- rors ConstantineXI.(Ducas) and Romanus IV. (Diogenes). She was married to Oonstantine before his accession in 1059, receiving the title of Augusta. On his death in 1067 he be- queathed the empire to her and her three sons, binding her by an oath not to marry again. Romanus Diogenes, a popular and able soldier, prepared to seize the throne. Eudocia im- prisoned and exiled him, but subsequently mar- ried him and made him her colleague. They differed, however, and she again imprisoned him, and during his captivity Joannes Ducas, brother of Oonstantine, who had been made Caesar, declared Michael Parapinaces sole em- peror, and banished Eudocia to a convent near the Propontis. Her husband died from cruel treatment in 1071, and she buried him with great splendor. She appears to have lived many years after this. She compiled a dic- tionary of history and mythology, entitled 'luvia (a "Collection of Violets," printed in the Anecdota Graca, Venice, 1781). EUDOXIA, empress of the West, daughter of Theodosius II. and Eudocia, born in Constan- tinople in 422, died about 463. She was mar- ried to her cousin Valentinian III., emperor of the West, after whose death by the hands of emissaries of the senator Maximus for hav- ing outraged his wife, she was constrained to espouse the latter. Maximus subsequently had the folly to* reveal to her the part which he had taken in the murder of Valentinian, and when the time for vengeance seemed to her to have come she invited to Italy Genseric, king of the Vandals, at whose approach Maximus was murdered. Genseric delivered Rome to pillage, and bore away with him to Africa Eudoxia and her two daughters. They were released after a detention of some years, du- ring which one of the daughters was forced to marry the son of Genseric. EUDOXUS OF CNIDUS, a Greek natural philoso- pher, born about 409 B. C., died about 356. He studied under Archytas and Plato, travelled in Egypt, and returned toCnidusin359, found- ed a school, and built an astronomical obser- vatory. Though he seems to have treated the EUGENE 771 who e circle of the sciences, he particularly excelled in geometry and astronomy, and is called by Cicero the prince of astronomers. In his astronomical system the earth was the motionless centre of all the celestial revolu- tions. The movements of the sun, moon and five planets resulted, according to him, from the combined revolutions of concentric spheres ot which there were three each for the sun and moon, and four for each of the planets Every planet occupied a part of the heavens by itself, and was surrounded by moving spheres, whose mutually modified motions made the orbit of the planet. He first fixed the length of the year as adopted in the Julian calendar at 365 days, and introduced celestial spheres or globes. In music he studied the numerical relations of sound according to the rapidity of the vibration of the chords. In arithmetic he added three kinds of proportion to the three kinds known before him EUDOXUS OF CYZICUS, a Greek navigator of the latter half of the 2d century B. 0. Expe- ditions from Egypt to India had for a time ceased, when he revived them under the reign of Ptolemy Physcon. His bold enterprise in seeking the most direct route to India, to which he made two voyages, and whence he seems to have been the first to bring diamonds, and in attempting to circumnavigate Africa by the west, caused him many persecutions ; and his reputation has been obscured by the fables with which Mela and others sought to embellish it. EUFAULA, a city of Barbour co., Alabama, on the right bank of the Chattahoochee river, at the terminus of the Montgomery and Eu- faula railroad, and a branch of the Southwest- ern railroad of Georgia, 80 m. S. E. of Mont- gomery; pop. in 1870, 3,185, of whom 1,640 were colored. It stands on a high bluff, 200 ft. above the water, and contains several churches and newspaper offices, and many stores. An active trade is carried on by means of the river, which is navigable to this point from November to June. It is the principal shipping point for the produce of the surround- ing plantations, and exports cotton. EUGENE (FRANC.OIS EUGENE DE SAVOIE-CA- EIGNAN), prince, a general in the service of the house of Austria, born in Paris, Oct. 18, 1663, died in Vienna, April 21, 1736. ^ He was the youngest of the five sons of Prince Eu- gene Maurice of Savoie-Carignan, covmt of Soissons, and Olympia Mancini, a niece of Car- dinal Mazarin, who was conspicuous for her ntrigues at the court of Louis XIV. It was n tended by his parents that Eugene should enter the priesthood ; but this was against his wish, and he neglected all clerical studies and devoted himself to military reading. Indig- nant at an attempt of the king to force him into the church, and angry at the treatment to which his mother was subjected by her ene- mies with the tacit consent of Louis, Eugene eft France in 1683, declaring that he would never thereafter enter French territory save as