Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/683

 ENTRAGUES lile accessible in the intestine, except during an epidemic, and it is not probable that any drug has power to dislodge or affect him after he has made his way into the tissues. It is said that the disease of sheep called rot, which is accompanied by the presence of these parasites in the biliary passages, does not occur where the bog bean (menyanthes trifoliatd) or tomen- til grows, no matter how damp the pastures may be ; nor are the sheep which feed in salt marshes or have salt mixed with their food subject to rot. No remedies as yet discovered are of any avail in the treatment of the tre- matoda, and their presence can only be cor- rectly diagnosticated when their passage into the outer world is observed. Among the nematoidea, the oxyurides, or pin worms, are the most troublesome, on account of the intol- erable itching caused by their nightly wander- ings outside the intestine. No treatment can wholly remove them, but cathartics and cold enemata are the best remedies. The bibliog- raphy of helrninthology has received many valuable additions within a few years, since it has become a distinct science. For a more complete account of its progress the following books may be referred to: Rudolphi, Entozoo- rum sive Vermium Intestinalium Historia Na- turalis (3 vols. 8vo, Amsterdam, 1808) ; Steen- strup, publications of Ray society, " Alternation of Generation" (London, 1845); Bremser, Ueber lebende Wurmer im lebenden Menschen (4to, Vienna, 1819) ; Diesing, Sy sterna Hel- mintJium (2 vols. 8vo, Vienna, 1850) ; Dujar- din, Histoire naturelle des helminthes ou vers intestinaux (Paris, 1844) ; Van Beneden, Vers cestoldes ou acotyles (4to, Brussels, 1850); Leuckart, Blasenbandwurmer und ihre En- twiclcelung (4to, Giessen, 1856); Owen, "Lec- tures on Invertebrata " (8vo, London, 1843); Kuchenmeister and Von Siebold, translated in Sydenham society publications (2 vols. 8vo, London, 1857); Leidy, "A Flora and Fauna within Living Animals " (Smithsonian publica- tions, vol. v., 4to, Washington, 1853) ; Wein- land "Human Cestoides " (8vo, Cambridge, 1858) ; Davaine, Traite des entozoaires (Paris, I860); Leuckart, Untersuchungenuber Trichina spiralis (Leipsic, 1860) ; Cobbold, "Entozoa" (London, 1864) ; and Pagenstecher, Die Tri- chinen (Leipsic, 1865). ENTRAGUES, Catherine Henriette do Balzac d', marchioness de Verneuil, a mistress of Henry IV., born in Orleans in 1579, died in Paris, Feb. 9, 1633. She was a daughter of Fran- cois de Balzac d'Entragues by his second mar- riage with Marie Touchet, a former mistress of Charles IX. After the death of Gabrielle d'Estr^es (1599) she became the mistress of Henry IV., who presented her with 500,000 francs and signed a contract to marry her in the event of her bearing him a son, which he renewed Oct. 1, 1599, after having cancelled it at the instance of his minister Sully. But her miscarriage in July, 1600, prompted him to marry Marie de' Medici. He compensated 299 VOL. vi. 43 ENTRE-RIOS 671 his mistress by making her marchioness de Verneuil ; but she insisted upon remaining in the Louvre, making herself obnoxious to the king, and especially to the queen. She long declined to give up his written pledge to marry her, but finally returned it in July, 1604, in consideration of the payment of 100,000 francs. But instead of carrying out her promise of going to England, she remained in France conspiring against the king, involving in her scheme her father and her half brother, the count d'Auvergne, who were sentenced to death Feb. 1, 1605, but pardoned through her continued influence over Henry IV. She was herself almost immediately released from pris- on, and it was even asserted that the king again took her for a short period as his mis- tress, until she was supplanted by a new rival. The testimony of a maid of honor of the queen implicated her in 1610 in the assassination of the king ; but this lady (Mile, de Coman) was imprisoned for life for perjury, while the mar- chioness spent her remaining years in affluence on her estates. She bore two children to Henry IV., who were both legitimated: Gabrielle An- g61ique, who married the duke d'Epernon, and died in 1627; and Gaston Henri de Verneuil, born in 1601, who was nominated bishop of Metz while still a layman, but never received episcopal consecration, was created a duke and peer, married a daughter of Chancellor S6guier, and died in 1682. See De Lescure, Les amours tf Henri IV. (Paris, 1863). ENTRECASTEAUX, Joseph Antoine Bnmi d', a French navigator, born in Aix in 1739, died at sea near the island of Waigeoo, in the Pa- cific ocean, N. of Papua, July 20, 1793. He entered the naval service in 1754, gradually rose to the position of commandant of the French fleet in the East Indies (1785), and in 1787 became governor of Mauritius and the Isle of Bourbon. In 1791 he was sent by the French government in search of La P6rouse, who had not been heard from since February, 1788. He failed to detect any trace of him, but ascertained with great exactness the out- lines of the E. coast of New Caledonia, the W. and S. W. coast of New Holland, Tasmania, and various other coasts. Accounts of his voyages have been published by De la Billar- dire (2 vols., Paris, 1800), De Rossel (2 vols., 1808), and De Fre~menville (Brest, 1838). ENTRE DOURO E MINHO. See MINHO. ENTRE-RIOS, a province of the Argentine Republic, bordered E., S., and W. by the rivers Parana and Uruguay, whence its name (between rivers). It is bounded N. by Cor- rientes, E. by the republic of Uruguay, S. by Buenos Ayres, and W. by Santa Fe; area, about 30,000 sq. m., although a late but in- accurate official statement makes it 50,000; pop. in 1859, 87,500; in 1869, 134,271, in- cluding about 18,000 foreigners. The in- crease was largely due to the Paraguayan war and to political disturbances in neigh- boring provinces. The country is intersected