Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/604

 596 ENFIELD ENGADINE where they established a community and spent their time in manual labor and St. Sim'onian religious ministrations, over which Enfantin presided. Again arraigned by the government, Enfantin appeared in the court with two ladies as his counsel ; but they were not permitted to plead his cause. After two days he was found guilty, and sentenced to a year's imprison- ment, but was pardoned after a few months' detention. He spent two years in Egypt, then returned to France, devoted himself to agricul- tural pursuits, and was postmaster near Lyons. By the influence of his former disciples and associates lie became in 1841 a member of the scientific board for Algeria. From 1845 to 1848 he was director of the Lyons railway. In No- vember, 1848, he established, in concert with M. Duveyrier, a daily journal, Le Credit, with a view of reconciling political reforms with his Utopian views of social relations ; but the journal was discontinued in 1850. He again received an appointment in connection with the administration of railways, which he held until his death. His writings are not numer- ous. Among the principal are: Traite d'eco- nomie politique (1830) ; La religion saint-simo- religieuse (1847) ; Correspondance politique (1849) ; and Reponse au P. Felix (1858). A few months before his death he published La vie eternelle, a kind of religious and political testament (Paris, 1863). ENFIELD, a town of Hartford co., Connecti- cut, bordering on Massachusetts, situated on the E. bank of the Connecticut river, and on the New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield railroad, 14 m. N. of Hartford ; pop. in 1870, 6,322. It was settled in 1681, and formed part of Springfield, Mass., till 1752, when it was annexed to Connecticut. It is connected with Suffield on the opposite bank of the river by a bridge constructed in 1808, the first one built across the stream in this state. A mile or two below is an iron truss bridge, 1,525 ft. long, erected in 1866 at a cost of $265,000, over which the railroad crosses to Windsor Locks. A canal 5 m. long has been constructed around the falls of the Connecticut in this town, which is intersected by the Scantic and Freshwater rivers, branches of that stream. Enfield contains the villages of Thompsonville and Hazardville, the former being noted for its carpet factory, which contains 297 looms, and manufactures 2,600,000 yards annually, and the latter as the seat of one of the most exten- sive powder mills in the world. There are also manufactories of sewing machines, ploughs, car- riages, sashes^and blinds, harness, hats, bricks, distilled spirits, ale, and porter; a savings bank, a trust company, and several schools and churches. The town contains a community of Shakers, who are especially noted for their culture of garden seeds. ENFIELD, a market town and parish of Mid- dlesex, England, 9 m. N. by E. of London ; pop. of the parish about 13,000. It is noted as the seat of an ancient palace, now half ruined, built in the time of Henry VII., and of the government manufactory of the rifles which take their name from this place. The term " Enfield rifle " does not denote any particular improvement, but the result of a series of im- provements on the old musket. (See RIFLE.) ENFIELD, William, an English theologian, born in Sudbury, March 29, 1741, died in Norwich, Nov. 3, 1797. He was a dissenter, and in 1763 was chosen pastor of a congregation in Liverpool, where he remained seven years, and published some devotional works and two vol- umes of sermons. He was professor of belles- lettres in the academy at Warrington from 1770 to 1783, and was subsequently pastor in Norwich. His "Biographical Sermons on the Principal Characters of the Old and New Testament " are not only valuable as aids to interpretation, but exhibit considerable force of thought and elegance of expression. He published an abridgment of Brucker's "His- tory of Philosophy," and a work entitled " Institutes of Natural Philosophy," and wrote many articles in Aikin's "Biographical Dic- tionary." He was also the compiler of " The Speaker," a very popular collection of pieces for reading and reciting in schools. ENGADINE, or Engadin, or Valley of the Inn, a beautiful valley of S. E. Switzerland, near the sources of the Inn, at an altitude varying from 3,500 to 6,100 ft. above the sea, and extending along the banks of the Inn, through the canton of the Grisons, between two principal chains of the Rhsetian Alps, from the Maloja, which separates it from the picturesque valley of Brigell, to the gorge of Finstermunz, on the confines of the Tyrol ; length, nearly 60 m. ; average breadth between 1 and 2 m. ; pop. about 12,000, all Protestants, with the excep- tion of the valley of the Tarasp, which is Catholic. The valley is divided into Upper Engadine, with the watering place of St. Moritz, and the villages of Silva Plana, Sama- den, Bevers, &c., and Lower Engadine, with Zernetz, Tarasp, the mineral springs of Schuols, &c. It has more populous villages than any other Alpine valley at so great an elevation, and it has at least 20 important tributary val- leys. The tops of the surrounding moun- tains are inaccessible rocks, and the sides are sometimes covered with glaciers. The valley and the lower part of the mountains are sus- ceptible of cultivation, but are for the most part occupied by forests or used for pasture lands. The climate is so cold and severe that cattle have to be kept indoors during seven or eight months of the year, but during the short summer the valley is visited by large numbers of tourists. The only grain raised is rye, and barley and potatoes seldom mature. The val- ley was for some time subject to Austria, which lost it in 1623. Most of the male population emigrate at an early age, in order to become rich, and then return to their native valley. Some of the higher Alpine pastures are let
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