Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/601

 ENCRINITE ture of the mouth." In the encrinite the stem is cylindrical ; in the kindred genus pentacrinite it is five-sided. The cup-like body is the portion representing the flower of the lily, for which the creature is named. When the tentacula are spread out, the appearance is that of an opened flower; when closed, they represent the bud. The stem served to attach the ani- mal to any bodies in the water, and by the manner of articulation of the plates composing it, it admitted of much motion, swaying back and forth. By this means the head with its tentacula was brought within reach of its prey. The plates of the stem, separating into short cylinders, present the form in which the re- mains of this animal are most commonly seen. In the marble used for chimney pieces they are often very abundant, the polished surface pre- senting some of them of a different color from the ground in longitudinal section, some in oblique conical-formed cutting, and some in ENDLICHER 593 ENCRINTTES. 1. Periechorinus (Actinocrinus). 2. Stem and Pelvis of ditto. 3. Pelvis of Crotalocrinus (Cyathocrinus). 4, Dimeracrinus Scosidactylus. 5. D. Decadactylus. circular disks, being transverse sections. By the disintegration of the rock the little joints of the fossil stem frequently fall out, and may be gathered in great numbers. Each has a hole through its centre. Dr. Mantell says he has found them preserved in tumuli of the ancient Britons, having evidently been worn as orna- ments. In the north of England they are called "wheel stones 1 ' and St. Cuthbert's beads," and were formerly used for rosaries. The en- crinites are remarkable for the multiplicity of small calcareous pieces, which make up the various parts of the animal the stem, the parts that may be called the ten arms, the hands and fingers, and the numerous tentacula which pro- ceed from them all. These pieces, as enumer- ated by Parkinson in his " Organic Remains," amount to not less than 26,000, thus showing a complexity of structure equal to any that is met with in the nearest living analogues of these ancient animals. The structure of one of the fossil pentacrinites (a genus which began to abound as the encrinite disappeared, and has been represented in some of its species down to the present time from the lias, or indeed in a single species from epochs much more re- mote) has been cited by Dr. Buckland as " showing an equal degree of perfection, and a more elaborate combination of analogous organs than occurs in any other fossil species of more recent date, or in its living represen- tative." The species thus cited is the Briarean pentacrinite of the lias. The pentacrimis caput medusce is almost the only living analogue of the ancient crinoids. (See CRIKOIDEA.) ENCYCLOPEDIA. See CY.CLOPJEDIA. ENDER, Johann Nepomuk, an Austrian paint- er, born in Vienna, Nov. 3, 1793, died there, March 16, 1854. He studied at the Vienna academy, and when he had hardly attained his majority won its four leading prizes. He ac- companied the Hungarian count Szecheni on a journey through Greece and Turkey in 1818. In 1820 he went to Italy, and in Florence and Rome produced a number of works from Bibli- cal and historical subjects. In 1827 he re- turned to Vienna, after spending a year in Paris. The more noteworthy of his works are his great cartoon of the entry of Christ into Jerusalem; "Judith," exhibited in 1824; and several frescoes of much merit, one of which, the last of his important productions, is in a chapel of the church of St. Stephen in Vienna. ENDICOTT, John, governor of Massachusetts, born in Dorchester, England, in 1589, died in Boston, Mass., March 15, 1665. He was sent out by the " Massachusetts Company " to carry on the plantation at Naumkeag, or Salem, where he arrived Sept. 6, 1628. In April, 1629, he was chosen governor of "London's plantation;" but in August it was determined to transfer the charter and government of the colony to New England, and "Winthrop was appointed governor. In 1636, with Capt. Un- derbill, Endicott conducted the sanguinary but ineffectual expedition against the Block Island and Pequot Indians. He was deputy gov- ernor of the Massachusetts colony from 1641 to 1644, in 1650, and 1654; and was governor in 1644 and 1649, from 1651 to 1654, and from 1655 to 1665. He was bold and energetic, a sincere and zealous Puritan, rigid in his prin- ciples, and severe in the execution of the laws against those who differed from the religion of the colony. So averse was he to everything savoring of popery, that he cut out the cross from the military standard. He was opposed to long hair, insisted that the women should wear veils in public assemblies, and did all in his power to establish what he deemed a pure church. During his administration four Qua- kers were put to death in Boston. ENDLICHER, Stephan Ladislaus, a Hungarian botanist and linguist, born in Presburg, June 24, 1804, died in Vienna, March 28, 1849. He studied at the universities of Pesth and Vienna, and intending to become a clergyman, he en-