Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/589

 Ion of remaining brought an average of $80 _ich, it will be seen that the immigration of that year added $33,803,600 to the wealth of the country. Applying the same calcula- tion to the total number of aliens arriving with the intention of remaining from the for- mation of the government to the beginning of 1874, and the result is about $712,000,000 as the total amount contributed by immigration to the wealth of the country since its origin. In the above computation only the money value of the emigrant is considered, but the econo- mic value of each, arising from the addition to the industrial and intellectual resources of the country, is still greater. Mr. Kapp, taking the r estimate of the distinguished German statisti- cian, Dr. Engel of Berlin, that it costs 750 tha- lers to produce a manual laborer in Germany, and assuming that about double this amount is the cost of an unskilled laborer in America, calculates that the capital value of each male emigrant is $1,500, and of each female $750, making the average for every person of either sex $1,125. Dr. Young, however, considers this estimate to be too high, and makes the average capital value of each immigrant $800. At this rate the emigration to the United States in 1873 added about $338,000,000 to the na- tional wealth, while the increase from this source since the formation of the government is about $7,125,700,000. The uncertainty pf such computations, however, is made still greater by the fact that no allowance is made for unfortunates, paupers, and criminals, who are a charge to the community. These classes of foreigners in 1870 numbered nearly 50,000, as appears by the following statement from the census, showing the total of each class national and foreign in the United States : EMIGRATION 581 CLASSES. Aggre- gate. Bom iii United States. Born in Foreign Countries. Blind 20,320 17,043 3,277 16,205 14,869 1,336 87,382 26,161 11,221 Idiotic 24,527 22,882 1,645 Paupers receiving support June 1, 1870 76,737 53,939 22,798 Number of persons in prison June 1 1870 32901 24173 8,728 Total.... 208,072 159,067 49.005 The most extensive European emigration has been from Great Britain and Ireland. Ac- cording to the report of the land and emigra- tion commissioners, 7,561,285 persons emigrated from the United Kingdom between 1815 and 1873, the principal points of destination being the North American colonies, the United States, and the Australian colonies. The largest pro- portion of these have been from Ireland. Thus the official reports of the United States show that of the 4,319,048 immigrants from the British isles between 1820 and the beginning of 1874, 2,907,565 were from Ireland, 719,776 from England, and 124,331 from Scotland. Prior to 1815 the emigration from the United Kingdom was unimportant. Up to 1835 the main stream was toward the North American colonies; but since that year the great body of British emigration has been to the United States. Including the foreign emigration pass- ing through the country, which has been con- siderable since 1864, and constituted 26 per cent, in 1872, it has been : To the To the Aus- YEARS. North American To the United States. tralian Col- onies and To other places. Total. Colonies. NewZealand. 1815... 680 1,209 192 2,081 1816... 8,370 9,022 118 12,510 1817... 9,797 10,280 557 20,684 1818... 15,186 12,429 222 27,787 1819... 23,584 10,674 579 84,787 1820... 17,921 6,745 1,063 25,729 1821.... 12,955 4,958 884 18,297 1822.. . 16,013 4,137 279 20,429 1823.. . 11,355 5,032 163 16.5EO 1824.. . 8,874 5,152 99 14,025 1825.. . 8,741 5,551 '"485 114 14.891 1826.. . 12,818 7,068 9C3 116 20,900 1827.. . 1,648 14,526 715 114 28,008 1828.. . 12,084 12,817 1,056 185 26,092 1829.. . 13,307 15,678 2,016 197 81,198 1830.. . 80,574 24,887 1,242 204 56,907 1831.. . 58,067 28,418 1,561 114 83,160 1832.. . 66,339 82,872 8,782 196 108.140 1833.. . 28,808 29,109 4,013 517 62,527 1834.. . 40,060 83,074 2,800 288 76,222 1835.. . 15,578 26,720 1,860 825 44.473 1836.. . 34,226 87,774 3.124 298 75.417 1837.. . 29,884 86,770 5,054 826 72,034 1838.. . 4,577 14,322 14,021 292 88.222 1839.. . 12,658 83,536 15,786 227 62,207 1840.. . 82,298 40,642 15,850 1.S58 90,743 1841.. . 38,164 45.017 82,625 2,786 118.592 1842.. . 54,123 63,852 8 34 1,S35 128,844 1843.. . 28,518 28,835 3^478 1,881 57,212 1844.. . 22,924 43,660 2,229 1.873 70,6fc6 1845.. . 81,803 58,538 830 2,380 93,501 1846.. . 43,439 82,239 2,347 1,826 129,851 1847.. . 109,680 142,154 4,949 1,487 258,270 1848.. . 81,065 1S8,233 23,904 4,887 248,069 1849.. . 41,367 219,450 82.191 6,490 299,498 1850.. . 82,961 223.078 16,037 8.773 2*0,649 1851.. . 42,605 267.357 21.532 4.472 885,PC6 1852.. . 82,873 244,261 87,881 8,749 868,764 1853.. . 84,522 280,85 61,401 8,129 829,987 1854.. . 48,761 1?3,065 &3,2S7 3.366 323,429 1855.. . 17,966 103,414 52.3(9 3,118 176.807 1856.. . 16,378 111,837 44.584 8,755 176,554 1857.. . 21,001 126,905 61,248 3,721 212,875 1858.. . 9,704 59,716 89,295 5,257 118,972 1859.. . 6,689 70,808 81,018 12,427 120,432 I860.. . 9,786 85,700 24.302 6,881 128,469 1861.. . 12,707 49,764 28,738 5.561 91,770 1862.. . 15,522 58,706 41,843 5,143 121,214 1863.. . 18,083 146,818 c3,C54 5,808 223,758 1864.. . 12,721 147,042 .40.942 8,195 208,900 1865.. . 17,211 147,258 87 2t'8 8,049 209,801 1866.. . 13,255 161,000 24,^097 6,f.30 204,882 1867.. . 15,508 159,275 14.466 6.709 195,953 1868.. . 21,062 155,532 12:809 6,922 196,825 1869.. . 83,891 208,001 14.901 6,234 258,027 1870.. . 85,295 196,075 17,065 8,505 256.940 1871.... 82,671 198,848 12,227 8,694 252 4P5 1872.... 82,205 233,747 15,876 13,885 295,'ilo Agg'te. 1,456,647 4,905,262 1,016,526 182,850 7,561,285 Notwithstanding this great exodus, the popu- lation of the United Kingdom increased from 18,627,476 in 1811 to 31,817,108 in 1871. The increase has been steady and constant in Eng- land, Wales, and Scotland ; but in Ireland there has been a remarkable decrease. In 1841 the population of Ireland was 8,175,124; and in