Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/549

 ELK the skeletons carefully, and mentions, among other characters, that the breadth of the face at the most protuberant part of the maxillary bones is less in the American than in the Euro- pean elk ; if they be regarded as the same, the proper name would be A. Americanus (Jar- dine). The name of elk is applied in this country to the wapiti (cervus Canadensis, Briss.), which should be called the American stag (see WAPITI) ; this name is also given by the British sportsmen in India to some of the rusa or samboo deer ; so that it is necessary to consider the country of the animal before deciding on the meaning of the word "elk." There are many fossil species called elks, as the fossil or Irish elk (cervus giganteus, Cuv. ; megaceros Hibernicm, Owen), found in the diluvial strata of Europe, and especially in the peat bogs of Ireland; this species was of great size, with an enormous development of horns, which, resembling those of the elk in their broad palmations, differed in the size and low situation of the basal antlers; in other parts of the skeleton it resembled most the stags. Another species, found in the peat bogs and upper tertiary of France and Germany, seems to have been a gigantic fallow deer. The fossil elk described by II. de Meyer, from the dilu- vium of Europe, differed from the living ani- mal in the form of its forehead. A fossil elk, allied to the wapiti, has been found in the United States, with the bones of the mastodon. The fossil sivatherium, described by Cautley and Falconer, from the Sivalik hills of the lower Himalaya range, seems in many respects to have resembled the moose ; the form of the head and its size lead to the belief that it was elephant-like in the cellular prominences of its posterior portion ; the face was short, and the nasal bones were raised into an arch over the external nostrils, indicating the probable exist- ence of a trunk ; we see the upper lip of the moose elongated also into a kind of prehensile proboscis ; the head was also armed with two spreading horns, arising above and between the orbits; the molar teeth are entirely like those of ruminants; the anterior extremities (of which casts exist in the cabinet of the Bos- ton society of natural history) indicate an ani- mal of the size of a large elephant. This ani- mal was undoubtedly a ruminant, with the pachyderm characters of a heavy form, short neck, and probably a proboscis ; in like man- ner the ruminant moose departs from the deer family, and approaches the pachyderms (espe- cially the equidae) in its movable elongated snout, long ears, and general shape. ELK, a N. W. county of Pennsylvania, trav- ersed by Clarion river, its branches, and some other small streams ; area, about 700 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 8,488. The surface is broken by many hills and rough mountain peaks, the principal of which is Elk mountain, in the S. part. The county is occupied chiefly by thick forests, and lumber is the most important arti- cle of export. Bituminous coal is found in ELLENBOROUGH 541 great abundance. The soil is better adapted to grazing than to the culture of grain. The Philadelphia and Erie railroad passes through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 6,372 bushels of rye, 12,234 of Indian corn, 61,573 of oats, 35,694 of potatoes, 6,182 tons of hay, and 108,730 Ibs. of butter. There were 2,953 cattle and 3,031 sheep ; 2 flour mills, 36 saw mills, 4 breweries, 3 tanneries, and 3 manu- factories of carriages. Capital, Kidgeway. ELKHART, a N. county of Indiana, bordering on Michigan, and watered by St. Joseph's and Elkhart rivers, which unite within its borders; area, 467 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 26,026. The surface is moderately uneven and diversified by prairies, oak openings, and several small lakes.' The soil is fertile. The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroad, and the War- saw branch of the Grand Rapids and Indiana railroad, pass through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 542,042 bushels of wheat, 268,538 of Indian corn, 108,430 of oats, 148,527 of potatoes, 20,888 tons of hay, 446,269 Ibs. of butter, and 71,453 of wool. There were 7,204 horses, 6,370 milch cows, 7,768 other cattle, 24,147 sheep, and 14,197 swine; 7 manufac- tories of agricultural implements, 3 of boots and shoes, 5 of bricks, 13 of carriages and wagons, 13 of barrels and casks, 12 of furni- ture, 6 of iron castings, 1 of wrapping paper, 5 of woollen goods, 10 flour mills, 2 planing mills, and 20 saw mills. Capital, Goshen. ELKHART, a town of Elkhart co., Indiana, at the confluence of the St. Joseph's and Elkhart rivers, on the Lake Shore and Michigan South- ern railroad, about 80 m. E. by S. of Chicago ; pop. in 1870, 3,265. It is the principal ship- ping point for the county. The water power is good, and the town contains several saw mills, flouring mills, and a paper mill, besides extensive machine shops of the railroad com- pany. There are a national bank, a school build- ing, three weekly newspapers, two monthly pe- riodicals (one German), and several churches. ELKO, the N. E. county of Nevada, border- ing N". on Idaho and E. on Utah; area, 13,800 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 3,447, of whom 439 were ' Chinese. The sources of the Humboldt and Owyhee rivers are in this county. The land is high and much of it suitable for farming and grazing. Silver is mined to some extent, and gold, copper, and lead are found. Three quartz mills for the production of silver are in opera- tion. The chief productions in 1870 were 4,535 bushels of wheat, 30,560 of barley, 9,841 of potatoes, and 406 tons of hay. Capital, Elko, a station on the Central Pacific railroad. ELLENBOROUGH. I. Edward Law, baron, chief justice of the court of king's bench in England, born at Great Salkeld, Cumberland, Nov. 16, 1750, died in London, Dec. 13, 1818. He was a son of Edmund Law, bishop of Carlisle, and was educated at the Charterhouse school in London, and at St. Peter's college, Cam- bridge. His abilities as a lawyer and speaker were first displayed in the trial of Warren