Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/37

 DERA GHAZEE KHAN DERBY 29 A selection from this American edition, with notes by the author, was commenced in Great Britain, of which nine volumes had appeared at the time of his death. DERA GHAZEE KHAN, a large town of the Punjaub, British India, 4 m. from the right bank of the Indus, and 40 m. W. by S. of Mool- tan; pop. about 25,000, half Hindoos and half Mohammedans. It has 125 Hindoo temples and 160 mosques, and a bazaar with 1,600 shops; also manufactories of silk, cotton, and mixed fabrics, and coarse cutlery. Being at the intersection of two great routes of travel, it has considerable trade. DERAYEH, or Derbicyeh, a town of Arabia, in Nedjed, lat. 24 30' N., Ion. 46 38' E., 385 m. E. of Medina. It lies in a fertile and well watered valley at the foot of Mount Khur, and in the earlier part of this century was famous as the capital and stronghold of the Wahabees. It was then strongly fortified in the oriental style, and contained 40,000 inhabitants, 30 mosques, and 30 schools. In 1818 it was taken and destroyed by Ibrahim Pasha in the war for the suppression of the Wahabees. Although that sect is again dominant in Nedjed, Dera- yeh remains a mass of ruins and its environs are uncultivated, as it is considered unlucky to rebuild or reinstate a city so completely over- thrown; and their seat of government is now Riad, about 10 m. S. E. DERBEND, or Derbent, a fortified town of Rus- sia in Daghestan, on the W. shore of the Caspian 15' E. ; pop. in 1867, Mohammedans, Arme- Dcrbcnd. sea, lat. 42 3' N., Ion. 48 15,739, consisting of nians, and Jews. The city rises from the harbor on the side of a wooded mountain, in the form of a quadrangle, and the summit is crowned by a citadel. The inhabitants manu- facture silk, woollen, and cotton stuffs, and cultivate the vine and saffron. It is partly covered by walls, now dilapidated, but which were formerly of great strength, and also en- closed the defile known to the ancients as Albanian gates. From the iron gates of these walls it has its name, signifying " closed gates." Near Derbend commences the famous wall which extends westward for nearly 120 m. through Tabasseran, and formerly served as a defence to Persia against the northern barba- rians. Its builder is unknown, some having attributed it to Alexander, others to Chos- roes I. In 728 Derbend was taken from the Khazars by the Arabs, and in 1220 by the Mongols. In 1589 the Turks captured part of the town, but were again expelled. It was captured by Russia in 1722, restored to Persia in 1735, and taken again in 1795 by the Rus- sians, who have kept it since. DERBY, a town of New Haven co., Conn., on the Housatonic river, at its junction with the Naugatuck, 9 m. "W. of New Haven ; pop. in 1870, 8,020. The Naugatuck and the New Haven and Derby railroads intersect here. The town has a fine landing on the E. side of the Housatonic, just below the junction of the Naugatuck, admitting vessels drawing 10 ft. of water, and was formerly extensively engaged in the West India trade and in ship building. It contains the villages of Ansonia and Bir- mingham. (8ee ANSONIA, and BIEMINGHAM.) DERBY, a parliamentary borough and the county town of Derbyshire, England, on the Derwent, and on the Midland railway, at its junction with several branch lines, 127 m. t>y rail N. N. W. of London ; pop. in 1871, 49,793. It is the principal depot of the Midland railway company, with a station 1,050 ft. long. The town hall is a fine building with carvings in re- lief and a high clock tower. The church of All Saints is a splendid edifice, built in the reign of Henry VII. in rich Gothic style. St. Alk- muncVs church has a Gothic spire 205 ft. high. St. Peter's is the oldest and St. Andrew's the newest of the churches. There are 44 places of worship, of which 17 belong to the established church. There is a philosophical society found- ed by Dr. Erasmus Darwin, with a well stocked museum, a mechanics' institute, an athenasum, an infirmary, a county asylum, and a county prison. The free grammar school is one of the oldest in England. A fine arboretum of 16 acres, laid out in 1840 by Loudon, and present- ed to the city by Joseph Strutt, is a popular resort. There is also a new park of six acres, the gift of another citizen. Manufactures are carried on to a considerable extent, including silk, hosiery, lace, iron and brass work, car- riages, harness, shot, and porcelain. The first