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 DRAKE 243 for two sessions Dr. Drake was connected with it. In 1823 he again became professor in the Transylvania school, and afterward in medical colleges at Philadelphia, Louisville, and Cincinnati. As a professor of the theory and practice of medicine he held an eminent position, and as a practitioner his reputation was coextensive with the Mississippi valley. His writings were voluminous, but generally not intended for permanent use. His first considerable work was " An Historical and Scientific Account of Cincinnati " (1815). His last work, on which his fame as an author principally rests, was "A Systematic Treatise, historical, etiological, and practical, on the Principal Diseases of the Interior Valley of North America, as they appear in the Cauca- sian, African, Indian, and Esquimaux Varieties of its Population" (2 vols., 1850-'54). A memoir by Edward D. Mansfield was pub- lished in Cincinnati in 1855. DRAKE, Sir Francis, an English navigator, born near Tavistock, Devonshire, according to some authorities in 1539, and to others in 1545 or 1546, died near Puerto Bello, Dec. 27, 1595. He received a scanty education through the liberality of a kinsman, and was apprenticed to the master of a bark, who bequeathed him his vessel. Being thus at the age of 18 years a good sailor and the proprietor of a ship, he made commercial voyages to the bay of Biscay and the coast of Guinea. He then sold his vessel and invested the proceeds with all his savings in the expedition of Capt. Haw- kins to Mexico in 1567, receiving the command of the Judith. The fleet was attacked by the Spaniards at San Juan de Ulua, and only two of the six ships escaped. Drake returned to England with a loss of his entire property, and fruitlessly petitioned the court of Spain for indemnity. Enraged by his treatment, he began to sail with the avowed object of pilla- ging the Spaniards. In 1570 he obtained a com- mission from Queen Elizabeth. In 1572 he armed two ships at Plymouth, with which, joined by a third at Port Pheasant, on the coast of South America, he made a descent upon New Granada, captured and plundered vari- ous Spanish settlements, and made at the ex- pense of his enemies a fortune vastly larger than that they had taken from him. He returned to England in 1573, and was welcomed as a hero. While at Darien he had seen from a mountain top the waves of the Pacific, and had there conceived the purpose of an expe- dition into those waters. Under the patron- age of Elizabeth, he set sail from Plymouth, Dec. 13, 1577, with five vessels and 164 gentle- men and sailors, to follow the route which had been traced by Magellan. Drake pillaged the Spanish settlements of Peru and Chili, cap- tured a royal galleon richly laden with plate, and took possession of California in the name of the queen of England; and then, fearing to meet the Spaniards in superior force if he re- turned, he sought to find a N. E. passage to the Atlantic. Repelled by the severe cold, he de- termined to make the circuit of the globe. He traversed the Pacific ocean, the archipelago of the Spice islands, and the Indian ocean, doubled the cape of Good Hope, and arrived at Ply- mouth in November, 1580. Elizabeth received him with favor, and soon afterward knighted him and partook of a banquet on board of his ship. The rupture which followed between Elizabeth and Philip II. gave Drake a new opportunity, and within one year he captured and plundered Cartagena and several other towns, burned the forts of San Antonio and Saint Augustine, and visited and brought away the remains of the colony which Raleigh had planted in Virginia. In 1587 he was placed in command of a fleet of about 30 sail de- signed to attack the Spanish ports. He de- stroyed 100 ships in the harbor of Cadiz, and captured an immense carrack, from papers in which the English first learned the value of the East India traffic, and the mode of car- rying it on. In 1588, as vice admiral, he com- manded one squadron of the fleet by which, with the assistance of the elements, the "in- vincible armada" was annihilated. In 1589 he ravaged the coasts of the Spanish penin- sula, and in 1592-'3 was a member of parlia- ment for Plymouth. In 1594, a report having reached England that Spain was preparing a fleet more numerous and powerful than the ar- mada, he again entered the service. Convinced that the West Indies was the point where Spain could be best attacked, he sailed for America in 1595 with 26 vessels, in company with Ad- miral Hawkins. A divided command produced its usual bad results, and their first attempts were inharmonious and fruitless. At Porto Rico Hawkins died, either of a wound or of cha- grin, and Drake then gained new triumphs. He burned Santa Marta, Rancheria, Nombre de Dios, and Rio Hacha; but a fatal malady broke out among his sailors, and as he heard of the defeat of a division of his forces which he had sent to operate by land, he fell sick and died from the combined effects of fever and of mental agitation on account of the reverses of the expedition, and was buried at sea. DRAKE, Friedrieh, a German sculptor, born in Pyrmont, June 23, 1805. He began life as a mechanic, and struggled against poverty un- til at length his talent was recognized and de- veloped by Rauch. His first work, represent- ing a madonna, was purchased by the empress of Russia. His busts of his teacher, of Schin- kel, and of the Humboldts made his reputation ; and he eventually became a member and pro- fessor of the academy of Berlin. In 1836 he produced a bust for the Moser monument at Osnabrlick, and in 1844 he completed a colossal group allegorically representing the eight prov-- inces of Prussia, for the royal palace. Among his subsequent works are two large marble statues of Frederick William III., one in Stettin (1845), and the other in the Thiergarten of Ber- lin (1850) ; Oken's bust, and the statue of the