Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/232

 224 DOUGLAS in protracted contentions with the Hamiltons, and after holding other offices was made lord treasurer hi 1526 by James V. ; while the title passed to the great earl's grandson, Archibald, sixth earl of Angus, who also took a promi- nent part in political affairs, and became lord high chancellor in 1527. He had married in 1514 the queen dowager of Scotland, Mar- garet, the sister of Henry VIII. of England, and by her became the father of Margaret, afterward wife of the earl of Lennox, mother of Lord Darnley, and grandmother of James VI. In the lawless state of Scotland at this time, Angus held his power by keeping the young king, James V., for a long time a posi- tive prisoner, carrying on meanwhile a con- stant warfare with other powerful nobles of the kingdom (see JAMES V. of Scotland) ; but in 1528 James escaped, took affairs into his own hands with the greatest energy, and, turning upon the family that had so long op- pressed him, made a vow that during his reign the Douglases should " have no peace " in the kingdom. Angus was exiled, and sentence of forfeiture passed against him ; he remained in England till James's death, after which he was restored to his title and estates. He died in 1556, and was followed by his son and grandson in regular succession; but on the latter's death without male issue the title passed to Sir William Douglas of Glenbervie, great-grandson of Archibald Bell-the-Cat. To him James VI. granted a charter confirming all the ancient rights of the family. He died in 1611, and the title from this time continued in the regular male line of descent, until William, llth earl, was made marquis of Douglas in 1633. In 1703 the title duke of Douglas was created, but the head of the house, Archibald, dying childless in 1761, this latter became ex- tinct, and the marquisate passed to a relative, the duke of Hamilton. The next succession became a subject of litigation among several branches of the family; but in 1771 the house of lords gave judgment in favor of the son of Lady Jane Douglas, the duke's sister, as the rightful heir ; and he was made a peer in 1790, under the title of Baron Douglas of Douglas castle, Lanarkshire, which became extinct at the death of his son James in 1857, when the Douglas estates passed to a niece, the count- ess of Home. It has been said that a descen- dant of a younger brother of William of Liddes- dale was made earl of Morton in 1458. This one of the family titles descended in due course for three generations ; but the third earl died without male issue in 1553, and the earldom passed to his son-in-law, James Douglas, fa- mous as the regent Morton, and a descendant of Archibald Bell-the-Cat. (See MORTON, EARL OF.) After the execution of the regent in 1581 the Morton title passed to the Angus branch of the family, in the person of Archibald, eighth earl ; but when he died without issue in 1588. it devolved upon Sir William Douglas, called "of Lochleven," a descendant of the knight of Liddesdale's brother. The civil war compelled him to sell a large portion of the Douglas lands. What remained of his part of the family property descended with the title in due course to the present earl of Morton, who bears with it the titles attaching to two por- tions of the Douglas estates, viz., that of Baron Douglas of Lochleven (conferred on George, 18th earl of Morton, in 1791), and Lord Aber- dour (created at the same time with the Mor- ton earldom). Other titles have been confer- red at various periods on members of the main family, not mentioned in the history just given of the direct lines. Thus, in 1646, the title of earl of Selkirk was conferred on the third son of the first marquis of Douglas, and in 1651 the oldest son of that marquis was made earl of Ormond, and in 1661 earl of Forfar. In 1675 a fourth son of the same family was made earl of Dumbarton. In 1641 the title of Lord Mordington was conferred on the second son of the 10th earl of Angus. All these titles are now extinct or dormant excepting that of earl of Selkirk. The descendants of Sir William Douglas of Drumlanrig, an illegit- imate son of the second earl of Douglas and Mar, form another important branch of the Douglas family. They were created suc- cessively viscounts of Drumlanrig (1628), earls of Queensberry (1633), marquises of Queens- berry (1682), dukes of Queensberry (1684), earls of March (1697), and earls of Solway (1706). The title of duke of Queensberry passed, however, in 1810, to the duke of Buc- cleuch ; the title of marquis of Queensberry is still borne by the lineal descendants of the family. In the Angus branch of the Douglas family certain privileges were vested, among them the right, in ancient times, to cast the first vote in parliament, to lead the vanguard in battle, and to bear the crown in public solemnities. The right to bear the Scottish crown in its coat of arms was retained by the family to the present century. The motto Jdmais arri&re probably commemorates these hereditary honors of the earls of Angus; while " the good Sir James Douglas " added to the armorial bearings the conspicuous device of the bloody heart, commemorative of the be- quest of Robert Bruce. The Douglases also bear upon their arms three stars (mullets), which is also a device of the Murrays, and lends a degree of probability to the theory of some genealogists, that the families descend from a common stock. For the history of the Douglas family see especially " A History of the Houses of Douglas and Angus," by David Hume of Godscroft, first printed in folio, 1644, and reprinted in 1748. This work, though val- uable to the antiquary, is not always historically accurate. See also vol. i. of Chalmers's " Cale- donia" (London, 1807), and Robertson's Ori- gines ParocMales Scotia (Edinburgh, 1851). DOUGLAS, David, a British botanist, born in Scone, Scotland, in 1798, killed in the Hawai- ian islands, July 12, 1834. He was employed