Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/228

 220 DOSITHEANS dorsals are filamentous ; the great perpendicu- larity of the facial line gives a ridiculously- solemn expression to this genus ; these fishes are occasionally taken in the waters of New York, and are considered excellent food. The genus vomer has a similar vertical profile and silvery lustre, but no filaments or prolongations of the fins ; it is esteemed for food ; the F. Brownii (Val.) of the New York coast is from 8 to 12 in. long. DOSITHEANS, an ancient sect of the Samari- tans, so called from their founder Dositheus, who was a companion of Simon Magus, and flourished in the 1st century A. D. Accord- ing to one account, Dositheus was a disciple of John the Baptist, and, after the death of the latter, endeavored to place himself at the head of the followers of that prophet. Another account tells us that he tried to persuade the Samaritans to receive him as the Messiah. There were still in the 4th century a few Do- sitheans who adhered to their master as the true Messiah, hut the sect was never important. DOST MOHAMMED. See AFGHANISTAN. DOTIS, or Totis (Hung. Tata), a town of Hun- gary, in the county and 12 m. S. E. of the town of Comorn, and 37 m. W. N. W. of Pesth ; pop. in 1870, 9,855. It is in two parts, one on a hill, and the other on the shore of a little lake, separated by the ruins of a castle once the residence of King Matthias Corvinus. On the lake is the castle of Count Nicholas Ester- hazy, famous for its extensive wine vaults, in one of which is a tun of 34,700 gallons, which is generally full. The castle has a fine garden laid out in the English manner. There are several churches, a Piarist college with a gymnasium, a high school, and a mili- tary hospital. There are numerous mills and manufactories of woollens and stone ware, and a large market for sheep. Near the town are warm baths and mineral springs, valuable quarries, and Roman remains. DOFAI, or Donay, a town of France, in the department of Le Nord, 18 m. S. of Lille ; pop. in 1866, 24,105. It is situated on the river Scarpe, the canal de la Sensee, and the North- ern railway. It is surrounded by walls, is strongly fortified, and contains several liter- ary and scientific institutions, important edu- cational establishments, among them a nor- mal school, a public library, school of artillery, an arsenal and cannon foundery belonging to the government, and has manufactories of lace, embroidery, cotton, linen, leather, delft ware, glass, paper, refined sugar, salt, &c., several breweries, distilleries, and oil mills, and an ex- tensive trade. Douai, according to some, ex- isted under the Romans. It was important when in possession of the counts of Flanders, from whom it came into the power of the king of Spain, and in 1667 passed into the hands of Louis XIV. Taken by the duke of Marl- borough in 1710, it was soon retaken by the French, and its possession was confirmed to them by the treaty of Utrecht in 1713. During DOUBLEDAY the religious troubles in England in the 16th and 17th centuries, it acquired considerable celebrity as the seat of a Roman Catholic col- lege and ecclesiastical seminary, founded by Dr. William (afterward Cardinal) Allen, for the education of English youth. Studies were commenced at this institution in 1568, and for about ten years its prosperity was uninterrupt- ed. But in course of time the townspeople of Douai, then subjects of the king of Spain, grew jealous of their English neighbors, and disturbances were frequent. To prevent further mischief the college was removed to Rheims in 1578, where it was protected by the Guise family. In 1593 it was again established at Douai, and remained there until broken up by the French revolution in 1793. DOUARNENEZ, a town of France, in the de- partment of Finistere, situated on a bay of the same name, 20 m. S. of Brest; pop. in 1866, 5,434. It has a considerable coasting trade and extensive fisheries. DOIIAY. I. Charles Abel, a French soldier, born in Besangonin 1809, killed at Weissenburg, Aug. 4, 1870. He was a graduate of the mili- tary academy of St. Cyr, served in Algeria and the Crimea, and distinguished himself in the attack on the Malakhoff. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in 1855, and in 1859 to that of general of division for his brilliant services in the battle of Solferino. In the Franco-German war he commanded the second division of the first army corps, and was intrenched on the height of Weissenburg with two brigades and three batteries, where his forces were overwhelmed and scattered by the Germans under the crown prince Frederick William. He exposed himself to the fire of the enemy, and was struck by several bullets, his corpse being found on the battle field. II. Fe"Iix Charles, a French soldier, brother of the pre- ceding, born in Besancon in 1818. He was at the siege of Rome as captain in 1849, and was lieutenant colonel in the Crimean war. After the battle of Magenta he became bri- gadier general, and he served as general of division under Forey in Mexico. In the Franco-German war he was commander-in- chief of the seventh army corps at Belfort, re- enforced MacMahon at Chalons, and became a prisoner of war at Sedan. On his return to France he commanded the fourth army corps in the struggle with the commune, and on May 6 he occupied Boulogne, and engaged in protracted conflicts with Dombrowski's forces. He was the first to enter Paris by the gate of St. Cloud, May 21, saved the Louvre from being totally destroyed by the communists, and took possession (May 27) of Belleville. Sub- sequently he was placed in command of the military district of the Rhone, with his head- quarters at Lyons. DOFBLEDAY, Edward, an English naturalist, born in 1810, died in London in 1849. At an early age he made a tour of the United States, and on his return published a paper on the