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 DONAUWORTH BONDERS 209 on a perfect footing of equality with them- selves in every episcopal city. This gave a blow to the schism from which it never re- covered. The most stringent measures of re- pression were immediately put in force against the obstinate, with the unavoidable results of agrarian violence and retaliation. In 429 Gen- seric and his Vandals swept over all northern Africa, an invasion which proved equally de- structive to Catholics and Donatists. The latter still maintained a foothold along the Mediter- ranean coast and in the mountains for the re- mainder of the century, and then disappear- ed altogether. The Donatists held that the sacraments from the hand of one not prop- erly ordained for the work were of no value, rebaptized those who came from the Catholic churches into their communion, and conse- crated anew the sacred edifices which they took from their rivals. Donatus and others of his party were accused of denying the Trinity ; but from this charge they are absolved by Augustine, who shows that they differed from the Arians in recognizing but one divine sub- stance. Accounts of the Donatists may be found in the works of St. Optatus ; in the wri- tings of Augustine, in the 9th part of the Ben- edictine edition, the appendix of which also contains monographs relating to them ; in Tillemont, vol. vi.; in the "Dissertation" of Collina (Bologna, 1758) ; in Ballerini's history ; in De Potter's Histoire du Christianisme, vol. ii. (Paris, 1836); in Villemain's Tableau de ^eloquence chretienne au V" siecle (new ed., 1854) ; and in Ribbeck's Donatus und Augus- tinus (Elberfeld, 1857). DONirWORTH, a town of Bavaria, in the district of Swabia and Neuburg, situated at the confluence of the Wornitz with the Dan- ube, 25 m. K K W. of Augsburg; pop. about 3,500. It has manufactures of linen and leath- er, and some trade in corn, flax, wool, and cattle. It sprang up around the castle of Worth, and became an imperial city. The in- habitants early embraced the reformation, and in 1606 so misused the Catholics that the city was in the following year placed under the ban of the empire. This punishment was one of the causes of the thirty years' war. In the war of the Spanish succession Marlborough and Louis of Baden achieved here a victory over the French and Bavarians (July 2, 1704). DON BEMTO, a town of Estremadura, Spain, near the left bank of the Guadiana, in the province and 57 m. E. of the city of Badajoz ; pop. about 15,000. The town is well built, with wide and clean streets, and several public squares. It contains a prison and a convent. Woollens, wine, and oil are manufactured here, and considerable trade is carried on, both by the river and by rail. DONCASTER, a town of England, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, 32 m. S. of York ; pop. in 1871, 18,758. It is on the river Don, which is here navigable, and in a cultivated district. Its grain market is the largest in the kingdom, and it has manufactures of agricultural ma- chines, iron, brass, and linen. But it is chiefly noted for its horse races, established in 1703. The famous St. Leger stakes were founded in 1776. The race course is nearly two miles in length, and one of the finest in the kingdom. The races are held annually in the third week of September, and continue for five days. Don- caster is the Danum mentioned in the itinerary of Antoninus; hence its Saxon name Dona Castre, and its present name. The town was frequently sacked by the Danes. Prior to the reformation, it was the seat of several convents of Carmelites, and white, black, and gray friars. A new parish church, to replace the old one destroyed by fire in 1853, was finished in 1858, at a cost of 52,000. Roman antiqui- ties are frequently found in the city and vicinity. DON COSSACKS, Land of the, or Province of the Army of the Don, a government of South Russia, lying between lat. 46 10' and 51 10' K, and Ion. 37 10' and 44 15' E., and bordering on the governments of Saratov, Astrakhan, Vo- ronezh, Kharkov, and Yekaterinoslav, the sea of Azov, and Caucasia; area, 61,934 sq. m. ; pop. in 1867, 1,010,135. It is generally flat and sandy, the greater part of it being a steppe, but in the south there are low hills, the last of the ramifications of the Caucasus. It belongs to the basin of the Don, which receives' several important tributaries within its limits, the principal of which are the Donetz on the right bank, and the Manitch and the Khoper on the left. The climate is generally mild and agreeable, but intense cold and violent storms sometimes prevail in winter. Cattle raising is the chief employment of the inhabitants ; but along the rivers, where the soil is good, agri- culture is followed with fair results. The cereals are raised to some extent, as well as hemp and flax, and light wines, scarcely infe- rior to those of France, are made. Fish con- stitutes a large part of the food of the peo- ple, sturgeon, salmon, and carp abounding in the rivers. Caviare made from the roe of the sturgeon is highly esteemed, and is exported in large quantities. Another chief article of export is salt, which is made from saline lakes in the south of the province. The seat of gov- ernment is at Novo-Tcherkask, at the conflu- ence of the Aksai with an arm of the Don. (See COSSACKS.) DONDERS, Frans Cornells, a Dutch physician, born at Tilburg, May 27, 1818. He studied at the university of Utrecht, practised at the Hague, and for many years has resided at Utrecht, where he has established an institu- tion for treating diseases of the eye, with a physiological laboratory, completed in 1867. His system of treating ophthalmic diseases is set forth in his elaborate work, Die LeJire von den A ugenbewegungen (Utrecht, 1847). Among his other works are De leer der stofwisseling als l)ron der eigenwarmte (1845), NatmirTcunde tan den Mensch (Ger. translation, 2d ed., Leip- sic, 1859) ; Ueler die Natur der Vocale (1858) :