Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VI.djvu/171

 DIXWELL DOAB 163 "New America" (1867), of which eight edi- tions appeared in England, three in America, and several in France, Germany, Holland, and Kussia; "Spiritual Wives" (1868), from his observations among the Mormons ; " Free Russia" (1870); "Her Majesty's Tower" (4 vols., 1869-71); "The Switzers" (1872); and " History of Two Queens : I. Catharine of Aragon; II. Anne Boleyn" (2 vols., 1873). The Revue positive of Paris published from him in 1869 a contribution entitled Les sectes reli- f/ieuses en DIXWELL, John, one of the regicide judges of Charles I., born in 1608, died at New Haven, Conn., March 18, 1689. After the reaction in England which placed Charles II. upon the throne, and caused himself and his associates to be condemned to death, he escaped to Ame- rica, took the name of John Davids, and lived undiscovered in New Haven, where he was married and left children. In 1664 he visited two of his fellow regicides, Whalley and Goffe, who had found a refuge at Hadley, Mass. His favorite study in exile was the " History of the World," which Kaleigh had written in prison, and he cherished a constant faith that the spirit of liberty in England would produce a new revolution. DMITROV, a town of Russia, in the govern- ment and 40 m. N. of the city of Moscow ; pop. in 1867, 8,042. It has a college, a convent, and several churches, and manufactories of cotton, woollen, linen, and silk goods, and lea- ther. An annual fair, lasting a week, is held here. The town covers considerable ground, much of it occupied by gardens, but the houses generally are poor. DNIEPER (Russ. and Pol. Dniepr ; anc. Bo- rysthenes, also Danapris}, next to the Volga the largest river of Russia in Europe. It rises on the S. slope of the Volkonsky plateau, near Dnieprovo in the government of Smolensk, flows S. between woody marshes as far as Dorogobush, thence mainly W. between more elevated banks past Smolensk to Orsha, there turns S., passes through the valleys and plains of the government of Mohilev down to Kiev, then turns S. E. through the steppes of the Ukraine, passes by Krementchug and Yekate- rinoslav, flows S. as far as Alexandrovsk, then S. W. to its mouth below Kherson, emptying into the Black sea between the fortresses of Kinburn and Otchakov. Its whole course is about 1,200 m. Its chief tributaries are, on the west, the Beresina, the Pripet, which dis- charges into it the waters of the Lithuanian marshes, and the Inguletz ; on the east, the Desna, Sozh, and Vorskla. The Dnieper was formerly hardly navigable, owing to natural ob- structions in its lower course and at the mouth. Some of these have been removed by the Rus- sian government, but its commercial impor- tance is still lessened by its frequent shallow - ness. About lat. 48 20' it commences a course of more than 40 m. over a rugged bed of gran- ite, forming below Yekaterinoslav a number of cataracts and rapids, and separates into a great number of courses, embracing many woody islands. Reuniting, it becomes navi- gable in its lower course for flat-bottomed vessels, among which steamboats have been employed since 1838 in carrying the pro- duce of the interior, timber, corn, linen, iron, and coal, to the Black sea. The Beresina, Oginski, and Royal canals, connecting tribu- taries of the Dnieper with the Dilna, Nie- men, and Bug, form communications through these rivers between the Baltic and Black seas. The estuary or frith (Russ. limari) formed by the mouths of the Dnieper and by that of the Bog is very shallow, and emits noxious exhalations in summer. The Dnieper abounds in sturgeon, carp, pike, and shad. In its course it passes through the most fertile provinces of Russia, and through different climates. At Smolensk it is ice-bound from November to April, and at Kiev from January to March. The most remarkable bridges are in these two cities. At the latter is a magnificent suspen- sion bridge half a mile long, completed in 1852. On the Kiev side is a drawbridge, with an opening 50 ft. wide. The ancients regarded the Borysthenes as the largest river of the world next to the Nile, and entertained an ex- aggerated opinion of the fertility of the sur- rounding country. They knew only its lower course. Near its mouth was Olbia, or Olbi- opolis, a colony of Miletus, which carried on trade with the nomadic tribes of the interior. DNIESTER (Pol. and Russ. Dniestr; anc. Tyras and Danaster), a river of eastern Eu- rope, which has its source in a small lake on the N. E. slope of the Carpathian mountains, S. W. of Lemberg in Galicia, and flows most- ly S. E. about 600 m. As far as Old Sam- bor it passes through a broad valley, which afterward expands into an extensive plain on the east, while spurs of the Carpathians here and there skirt the W. banks. At Khotin, where it enters Russian territory, it flows through an open flat country separating the province of Bessarabia from Podolia and Kher- son on the east, and then discharges into the Black sea by a shallow liman 19 m. long and 5 broad, between Akerman and Ovidiopol. It receives a number of tributaries in Galicia, the principal of which are the Stry, Strypa, and Sered, and only a few insignificant ones during its course through Russia. Its current is rapid, and navigation is interrupted between Yampol and Bender by two falls and several whirlpools, and its mouth is encumbered with flats and sand banks. Wood, grain, and other products are carried down it toward Odessa. DOAB (Sanskrit, two waters), a name given in Hindostan to any tract included between two rivers. It is especially applied to that lying between the Ganges and the Jumna, and when applied to other similar districts is joined with some distinctive appellation, as the Jul- lunder Doab, between the Beas and the Sut- lej, and the Rukna Doab, between the Ravee