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 98 DIEFENBACH cloths, candles, leather, liqueurs, and spirits. The Carlovingian kings of France frequently resided here; subsequently the town belonged in succession to the counts of Luxemburg, to Burgundy, Austria, and Spain. In 1643, when it surrendered to the prince of Conde", it was annexed to France. In 1870 it suffered con- siderably from bombardment by the German troops, to whom the French garrison, consisting of 120 officers and 4,000 men, surrendered on Nov. 24. By the peace of May 10, 1871, it was ceded to Germany. The town is well built, and the fortifications constitute a fortress of the third class. DIEFENBACH, Lorenz, a German philologist and author, born at Ostheim, Hesse-Darmstadt, July 29, 1806. He was educated at the uni- versity of Giessen, and became a clergyman, and in 1845 one of the founders of the German Catholic church in Offenbach, which city he represented in 1848 in the parliament at Frank- fort, and where in 1865 he was appointed second director of the library. He was a volu- minous author, and published poems, novels, and various productions in light literature, as well as learned treatises. His principal works are : Celtica (3 vols., Stuttgart, 1839-'42) ; Ver- gleichendes Worterbuch der gothischen Sprache (2 vols., Frankfort, 1846-'51); Pragmatische deutsche Sprachlehre (Stuttgart, 1847; 2d ed., 1854); Qlossarium Latino- Germanicum Me- dics et Infima jfltatis (Frankfort, 1857; 2d ed., 1867); and Origines Europaxx (1861). The Glossarium is a supplement to Du Cange's. DIEFFENBACH, Johann FTiedrieh, a German surgeon, born in Konigsberg, Feb. 1, 1792, died in Berlin, Nov. 11, 1847. He was the son of a professor of theology, and at first de- voted himself to that study, but joined in the war against Napoleon, serving as a volunteer DIEPPE in a company of Mecklenburg troops from 1813 to 1815. He afterward resumed his theolo- gical studies, which he exchanged for the pur- suit of medicine. Having taken his medical degree at Wiirzburg in 1822, he established himself at Berlin, where in 1830 he was ap- pointed head surgeon of one of the hospitals, two years after professor in the university, and in 1840 director of clinical surgery. He was distinguished for his dexterity in the use of the scalpel, for the success of his operations in the formation of artificial noses, cheeks, lips, &c., and for the cures which he effected in cases of squinting and stammering. He also made great improvements in surgical instruments. Among his works are : " Operative Surgery," which has been translated into several differ- ent languages; " Surgical Experiences, espe- cially with regard to the Restoration of Por- tions of the Human Body which have been de- stroyed ;" " The Cure of Stammering by a nefr Surgical Operation;" and " On the Cutting of the Sinews and Muscles." DIEPPE, a seaport town of France, depart- ment of Seine-Inferieure (Normandy), on the English channel, at the mouth of the Arques, 52 m. E. N. E. of Havre, and 93 m. N. N. W. of Paris; pop. in 1866, 19,946. It extends a mile along the coast, has wide and regular streets, and its houses, mostly of one style, are of brick, two stories high, with balconies toward the street. The finest hotels and resi- dences are near the harbor, on the main street, which runs parallel with the sea the whole length of the town. The most remarkable public edifices are the churches of St. Eemi and St. Jacques. The latter, a large Gothic structure, commenced in the 13th century, and not completed till the 15th, is built entirely of stone brought from England. The former , Castle of Dieppe.