Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume V.djvu/82

 78 COLLODION OOLLOREDO application to cuts and wounds in the place of sticking plaster, either by brushing it alone over the edges of the incision, or by spreading it upon strips of linen. It was first applied to this use by Dr. J. Parker Maynard, of Boston, to whom the name was suggested in 1848 by Dr. A. A. Gould. Collodion is best prepared from gun cotton made by the process of Prof. Ellet. Gun cotton made by steeping the fibre in nitric acid does not always dissolve in ether and alcohol. Prof. Ellet's, being always solu- ble, is preferred for this purpose, prepared as follows : 8 fluid oz. of sulphuric acid are add- ed to 10 oz. of nitrate of potassa, mixed, and triturated in a mortar ; oz. of fine clean cot- ton is then thoroughly stirred into the mixture for about four minutes ; the free acid is next removed by washing in water till all traces of it disappear. The gun cotton, being opened by picking and dried at a gentle heat, is dissolved in 2 pints of ether already mixed with a fluid ounce of alcohol. The solution is to be strain- ed, and kept in closely stopped bottles previ- ously well dried. A similar method is given by Lauras, and the cotton, which he calls xyloidin, produces by his process a quality of collodion possessing elasticity and suppleness, which adapt it for application to the skin, es- pecially on the articulations where freedom of motion is an important object. To a mixture of 300 grins, of sulphuric acid of sp. gr. 1*847, and 200 grms. of dry nitrate of potassa, he Adds 10 grms. of carded cotton. After being in contact 12 minutes the cotton is taken out and washed with cold water, rinsing it two or three times. 'It is then immersed in a solu- tion of 30 grms. of carbonate of potassa to 100 of water, again well washed with water, and dried at 77 to 86 F. Of this xyloidin 8 grms. are placed in a flask with 125 of ordinary ether, and 8 grms. of alcohol are added of sp. gr. 825. The mixture is well agitated and then combined with a preparation of Venice turpen- tine 2 grms., castor oil 2 grms., and white wax 2 grms., to which, 1 after being heated, 6 grms. of ether should be added. Collodion was first applied to photographic purposes in 1847, by Mr. Archer of England. It is used as a men- struum for affixing to a glass plate a film of some iodide, as of potassium, ammonia, or cad- mium, a solution of which is mixed with it. Collodion is used in medicine exclusively as an external application. Besides its use as an adhesive application to slight cuts and wounds, already referred to, it is often applied with de- cided advantage to sore and cracked nipples and to chapped hands, and used as a protec- tion in some diseases of the skin, especially in chronic erythema, intertrigo, and herpes labi- alig. Whenever there is acute inflammation of any surface, the contractile action of collo- dion is apt to produce pain and irritation, and it should not then ba used. The annoying bleeding which sometimes follows the cut of a razor while shaving may be instantly stopped by an application of collodion. A mixture of 100 parts of collodion with 2 parts of glyce- rine makes a more agreeable application than collodion alone, and one equally efficacious. It forms with cantharides a convenient blister- ing agent. Collodion should be applied with a camel's hair pencil. It may be kept for a long time fit for use in a well stoppered bottle. COLLOMBET, Francois Zenon, a French author, born at Sieges, in the department of Jura, March 28, 1808, died in Lyons, Oct. 16, 1853. He studied theology in accordance with the wishes of an uncle, but having inherited some property he turned to literature. He resided at Lyons, where he occupied a single room for 23 years. He wrote for Feller's Dictionnaire historique, the Biographic universelle, and the Revue du Lyonnais. In 1848 he received from the academy of Lyons a prize for an JEloge de Chateaubriand. He died from overwork, leav- ing 40 volumes of writings, including GOUTS de litterature profane et sacree (4 vols. 8vo) ; Histoire de Saint Jerome (2 vols., 1844) ; Eis- toire critique de la suppression des Jesuites (2 vols., 1846) ; and Histoire de la Sainte JUglise de Vienne (3 vols.). COLLOREDO, a noble family of Austria, repre- sented also in Italy, a branch of the house of Wallsee or Waldsee, which held the vice-comi- tat of Mels in 1031, and was divided at the death of During II. in the 13th century into three lines: Mels-Colloredo, Prodolone, and Venzone. The earliest direct ancestor of the house was probably Wilhelm, who built in 1302 the castle of Colloredo in Friuli, near the vil- lage of Mels. His three surviving sons, Asquin, Bernhard, and Weickardt, became the founders of three separate branches. To the Asquin line belong the following prominent names : RU- DOLPH VON COLLOEEDO, born Nov. 2, 1585, dis- tinguished himself in the thirty years' war, and especially at the defence of Prague in 1648, as field marshal of the imperial army, and died Jan. 24, 1657. HIEEONYMUS, his brother, born in 1582, served as cavalry general during the same war, and fell in the battle of St. Omer in 1638. The last of this line was LTTDWIG, son of the last named, who died Dec. 28, 1693, with the rank of feldzeugmeister. In the Bernhard line the following distinguished themselves : JOHANN BAPTIST VON COLLOEEDO- j tian forces in Candia against the Turks, and j fell during the siege in October, 1649. FEANZDE ! PAULA, count of Colloredo, born Oct. 29, 1799, was attached to the English legation in 1820, was minister at Copenhagen in 1825, at Dresden in 1830, at Munich in 1836, at St. Petersburg in 1843, again at London in 1852, and subse- quently ambassador in Rome; and in 1859, after the preliminaries of Villafranca, he was appointed first plenipotentiary of Austria to negotiate the terms of peace at Zurich, where he suddenly died, Oct. 26, 1859, leaving no issue. The Weickardt line produced the fol- lowing prominent men : FABEIZIO, a Floren- tine statesman, born in 1576, was sent as am-
 * WALLSEE in 1648 took command of the Vene-