Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume V.djvu/79

 COLLIN paid from $9 to $11 a week, and miners from $12 to $15 ; but most of the latter work by contract, and earn from $15 to $20 a week, and sometimes $100 a month, and the cost of coal then ready for market, exclusive of roy- alty, is about $2 a ton; but the wages have been as low as $4 50 a week for laborers and $6 for miners, and the cost of coal less than $1 a ton. At the English mines, miners' wages are even now much lower than at American mines, though nearly double the rates of ten years ago. The average cost of Newcastle coal during 20 years, on top of the pit, was 2s. d., COLLINGWOOD 75 ., and onboard at Newcastle, 5s. 6d., made up as follows : rent or royalty, Gd. ; delivered in cars, 2s. 8%d. ; freight, Is. Qd. ; interest, lOd. In Yorkshire, Staffordshire, Lancashire, Scot- land, and Wales the average cost of bituminous coal was 5s. 8d. during 1845, but during 1871 twice as much. During 1850 the number of the employees, men, boys, women, and girls, in the Belgian mines, and their wages, were as follows : EMPLOYEES. No. below ground. No. above ground. Wages in frs. above ground. Wages in frs. below ground. Men 28,471 4,464 2,274 1,221 7,581 1,075 1,771 1,142 1-70 0-65 92 56 1-74 0-94 1-30 85 Boys Women -Girls The great advance in the price of coal in Eng- land during 1871, 1872, and 1873 is largely due to the greater demand for both coal and iron, and the decrease in the hours of labor and increase of the wages of miners. The increase of collieries, and the use of machinery in mi- ning coal, will without doubt eventually reduce the price of coal even below its former rate, without reducing the prices of labor to the mere pittance formerly paid in England, and still paid in France and Belgium, for under- ground work. COLLIN, a N. E. county of Texas, watered by the E. fork of Trinity river and its tributa- ries; area, 870 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 14,013, of whom 1,653 were colored. About two thirds of the county is prairie, the rest timbered. Banning and stock raising are about equally pursued. The chief productions in 1870 were 42, 827 bush els of wheat, 674,565 of Indian corn, 123,325 of oats, 32,159 of sweet potatoes, 204,- 915 Ibs. of butter, and 4,371 bales of cotton. There were 10,668 horses, 1,582 mules and asses, 5,065 milch cows, 15,360 other cattle, 4,812 sheep, and 15,550 swine. Capital, Mc- Kinney. COLLIN. See KOLIN. COLLINGWOOD, a town of Simcoe co., Onta- rio, Canada, on the S. shore of Georgian bay, 72 m. N. W. of Toronto; pop. in 1871, 2,829. It derives its importance from being the north- ern terminus of the Northern railway, whence steamers connect with the N. shore and with ports on Lake Superior. Two lines of steam- ers ply between here and Lake Superior. COLLINGWOOD, a suburb of Melbourne, Aus- tralia, situated on low ground between that city and the Yarra Yarra to the northeast; pop. about 19,000. It is almost a town of it- self, having a council chamber, banks, numer- ous churches and public buildings, and many manufactories. COLLINGWOOD, Cnthbert, lord, an English ad- miral, son of a merchant of Newcastle-on-Tyne, born there, Sept. 26, 1750, died March 7, 1810. He went to sea at the age of 11, as midship- man under Capt. Brathwaite. After some years afloat he made a cruise under Admiral Rod- dam, and thence was transferred to Graves's fleet acting against the Americans, reaching Boston in 1774. On the day of the battle of Bunker hill he was appointed fourth lieutenant of the Somerset, and placed in charge of a par- ty of marines who kept open communication between the troops and the ships. Next year he was given command of the sloop Hornet, with which he went to Jamaica, where he re- newed acquaintance with Horatio Nelson, then lieutenant of the Lowestoffe, whom he had known in boyhood. The career of these emi- nent men was closely united during the rest of their lives. In 1780 Nelson, being in command of the Hinchinbroke, was ordered to conduct a boat expedition to the Pacific along the San Juan river and Lakes Nicaragua and Leon. He was prostrated by fever and sent home, and Collingwood took his place. His robust constitution carried him through, but he buried 180 of his 200 men. The expedition was found impracticable. In the succeeding year he was wrecked in the Pelican, 24 guns, on Morant keys, West Indies. Thereafter he was trans- ferred to the Samson, 74, in which he served till the peace, and in 1783 was sent with the frigate Mediator to reenforce the squadron employed in preventing the Americans from trading with the West India islands. On his release from that duty in 1786, he revisited his home at Newcastle, after an absence of 25 years. On the breaking out of the war with the French, he served on board the Barfleur, which bore a conspicuous part in Lord Howe's victory, June 1, 1794. In 1797 he was placed in command of the Excellent, 74, which he fought with effect in Jervis's victory off Cape St. Vincent, Feb. 14. When Nelson heard that the Excellent was coming to reenforce him, he exclaimed : " That counts two ! " In 1799 he was made rear admiral of the white ; in 1801, admiral of the red ; and in 1804, of the blue. He was detailed in 1803 to watch the French fleet off Brest, which he did for nearly two years. His crowning achievement was at Trafalgar, Oct. 21, 1805, where he was second in command, and when Nelson fell took the chief command and finished the day. For this service he received the thanks of parliament, with a peerage, and a pension for his family of 2,000. His subsequent career was a succes- sion of semi-political missions to the Mediter- ranean, which taxed his endurance and skill