Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume V.djvu/698

 694 DARTMOUTH DARTMOUTH COLLEGE DARTMOUTH, a municipal borough, seaport, and market town of Devonshire, England, on the W. shore of a bay formed by the Dart, at its entrance into the English channel, 32 m. S. W. of Exeter; pop. in 1871, 4,978. It is built on the side of a hill, which is so steep that the base of the houses in the upper street is but little below the chimney pots of those in the street below. The thoroughfares are dirty, ir- regular, and narrow, but are lighted with gas. Many of the houses are very old, and display some fine specimens of wood carving. The town contains three churches, several chapels, schools, and almshouses, a market place, and remains of a castle supposed to be of the reign of Henry VII. The harbor, which is entered by a narrow channel between the fort and battery of St. Petrox and the old castle, is safe, convenient, and large enough for 500 ships. Many vessels belonging to this port were for- merly engaged hi the Newfoundland fisheries, but this industry has greatly declined. Ship building, rope making, and paper making are carried on to some ex- tent ; there is an export trade in woollen goods, cider, and barley, in ex- change for wine, oil, salt, and fruit ; and slate and limestone are quarried in the neighborhood. The Dartmouth branch of the South Devon railway was completed in 1864, and the trade of the town has since increased. Many improvements have re- cently been made in the streets. During the civil wars the town was twice captured, once by the royalists and once by the parliamentarians. It gives the title of earl to the Legge family, and is one of the quarantine ports of the channel. DARTMOUTH COLLEGE, an institution of learn- ing in Hanover, N. H. The college buildings front on a fine campus on an upland plain near the Connecticut river. Dartmouth hall is a long central building, containing the chapel, while in line with it are Wentworth and Thorn- ton halls. In front of this line is Reed hall, containing the college library. These build- ings are old and plain. East of the line is Culver hall, a handsome new structure, 100 by 60 ft. and four stories high, containing labora- tories, recitation and lecture rooms, and rooms for the various cabinets and museums. North of the college is the Chandler scientific school, while the medical college and the observatory are in the vicinity. The government of the college is vested in a corporation of 12 mem- bers, of whom the governor of New Hamp- shire for the time being is one. Eight of the members must be residents of the state, and seven must be laymen. The college com- prises an academic, a scientific, and an agri- cultural department, in each of which a par- tial course may be taken, embracing two at least of the prescribed studies. The acade- mic year, beginning about the first of Septem- ber and ending with commencement on the last Thursday in June, is divided into two terms of 20 weeks each. A public examination is held at the end of each term. Instruction is administered by recitations and lectures, chiefly the former. The regular course in the academic department extends through four years, upon the completion of which the de- gree of bachelor of arts is conferred. All the studies are required, except that in the first term of the sophomore year French may be taken instead of mathematics, and in the second term of the junior year Greek and Latin are optional with mathematics. The tuition fee for each student is $70 per annum, while the expenses for room rent, board, fuel, and lights average from $120 to $200 a year. Aid is Dartmouth College. given to indigent students, mainly in the form of scholarships, usually of $70 per annum, but in some cases $100. In 1874 upward of 100 scholarships were available. Prizes amounting to about $500 are annually awarded. The Chandler scientific department was founded in 1852, pursuant to a bequest of $50,000 made by Abiel Chandler, late of Walpole, N. H., and formerly of Boston, Mass. The regular course comprises four years, at the end of which the degree of bachelor of science is conferred. The degree of master of science is conferred in course upon a bachelor of science of three years' stand- ing or more, on payment of $5. French and German are included among the studies, while Latin and Greek are omitted. The cost of tuition in this department is $60 a year. The agricultural department was established in 1866 by the legislature, under the title of the " New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Me- chanic Arts," in fulfilment of the act of con- gress for this purpose. It was organized under a board of nine trustees, appointed partly by the governor and council and partly by the